Paper Title
“Beyond Conventional Nanocarriers: Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Therapeutics and Biological Barrier Crossing”
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Registration ID: IJNRD_329172
Published ID: IJNRD2610191
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Keywords
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs), Natural nanocarriers, Drug delivery systems, Targeted drug delivery, Vesicle characterization, Biocompatibility, Therapeutic applications, Nanomedicine.
Abstract
The development of efficient, biocompatible and targeted drug-delivery systems remains an important objective in pharmaceutical research. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have recently attracted substantial attention as naturally occurring nanocarriers capable of transporting a variety of bioactive molecules. Derived from edible and medicinal plants, these vesicles contain lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites and other biologically active constituents that may contribute both to their carrier function and to their intrinsic therapeutic properties. Their biological origin, potential gastrointestinal stability, favorable biocompatibility and ability to interact with specific recipient cells make them attractive alternatives or complements to conventional synthetic nanoparticle systems. The present review discusses the development of PDEVs as multifunctional drug-delivery platforms, beginning with their biogenesis and molecular composition and extending to isolation, purification, characterization, administration and therapeutic applications. Conventional and emerging isolation techniques, including ultracentrifugation, density-gradient centrifugation, ultrafiltration, size-exclusion chromatography, polymer precipitation, immunoaffinity separation and microfluidic technologies, are compared with respect to yield, purity, processing time, scalability and preservation of vesicle integrity. Particular attention is given to the biological barriers that influence therapeutic delivery, including the gastrointestinal barrier, blood–brain barrier and cellular uptake barriers. The potential of PDEVs for oral, intravenous, inhalational and minimally invasive delivery is also discussed. Evidence from preclinical studies suggests that plant-derived vesicles may possess anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, microbiome-modulating and tissue-regenerative properties. Their potential use as carriers for small molecules, nucleic acids and other therapeutic cargos further expands their pharmaceutical applications. However, translation from experimental research to clinical use is limited by several unresolved issues, including heterogeneity of vesicle populations, inconsistent nomenclature, source-dependent variation in composition, contamination during isolation, limited loading capacity, inadequate understanding of pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, storage-related instability and difficulties in large-scale reproducible manufacturing. In addition, standardized characterization methods, potency assays and regulatory frameworks for plant-derived vesicle-based therapeutics remain to be established. Continued multidisciplinary research integrating pharmacognosy, nanotechnology, pharmaceutics, molecular biology and regulatory science may facilitate the development of PDEVs into clinically relevant natural nanocarriers.
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How To Cite (APA)
Mahesh Kumar, D.Sravani, M.N.Vijaya Durga, D.Sowjanya, & Sowmya.D (October-2026). “Beyond Conventional Nanocarriers: Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Therapeutics and Biological Barrier Crossing”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 11(10), b850-b866. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2610191.pdf
Issue
Volume 11 Issue 10, October-2026
Pages : b850-b866
Other Publication Details
Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_329172
Published Paper Id: IJNRD2610191
Research Area: Pharmacy All
Author Type: Indian Author
Country: Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2610191.pdf
Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2610191
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