When the Body Is Rewritten: Gene Editing, Forensic Identity and the Future of Criminal Investigation in India

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Published ID: IJNRD2608302

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MAHIMA MAKKAR, SARVSHRESTH PARAS DOHROO

CRISPR-Cas9, forensic DNA profiling, chimerism, Digital Personal Data Protection, Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, epigenetic forensics, gene editing, criminal investigation, India.

For a long time, the human genome has been considered the ultimate identifier for a criminal investigation. It was widely accepted that nobody could change it. However, the recent developments demonstrate otherwise. The Indian criminal jurisprudence hasn’t kept pace with a molecular disruption that is CRISPR-Cas9 technology, meaning clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and associated protein 9 that enables rapid and precise alteration of genetic sequences. The principle of genetic constancy, the foundational assumption underpinning DNA-based identification, is destroyed by somatic gene therapy, iatrogenic chimerism after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the theoretical possibility of targeted forensic evasion. Cases like Chris Long’s demonstrate that chimaeras can deposit biological material with a DNA profile that diverges from their ID documents or reference sample. Chris Long, a UK citizen, had his blood DNA wholly replaced by donor DNA once he received a bone marrow transplant. India has enacted the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 and the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, which make the forensic examination of serious crime scenes mandatory. This assumes forensic reliability that gene editing technologies render untenable. The DPDP Rules, 2025, which came into effect in November 2025, impose data protection obligations that do not apply to genetic data or to profile updates post-medical intervention.

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MAHIMA MAKKAR & SARVSHRESTH PARAS DOHROO (August-2026). When the Body Is Rewritten: Gene Editing, Forensic Identity and the Future of Criminal Investigation in India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 11(8), d36-d42. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2608302.pdf

Volume 11 Issue 8, August-2026

Pages : d36-d42

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_328068

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2608302

Research Area: Other area not in list

Author Type: Indian Author

Country: kangra, himachal pradesh , India

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