Paper Title
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS AND ANTIBIOTIC ESCALATION PATTERNS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
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Registration ID: IJNRD_327725
Published ID: IJNRD2608138
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Keywords
Inflammatory biomarkers; Antibiotic escalation; Community-acquired infections.
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Community-acquired infections frequently require empirical antibiotics, but delayed treatment modification and unnecessary broad-spectrum escalation may adversely affect outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship. Objective: To evaluate associations between inflammatory biomarkers and antibiotic escalation among hospitalized patients with community-acquired infections. Methods: A prospective observational study was designed using records of 345 adult inpatients. Demographic variables, comorbidities, infection site, empirical antibiotics, cultures, CRP, procalcitonin, TLC, NLR, ESR, escalation patterns and clinical outcomes were evaluated. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, group comparisons and logistic regression were applied. Results: Antibiotic escalation occurred in 156 patients (45.2%). Escalation was more frequent among older patients and those with diabetes, chronic kidney disease or COPD. Mean CRP, procalcitonin, TLC, NLR and ESR were significantly higher in the escalation group. Culture positivity increased escalation odds. CRP above 100 mg/L, procalcitonin above 2 ng/mL, TLC above 15×10³/µL and NLR above 6 showed strong graded associations. Multivariable analysis identified CRP, procalcitonin, TLC, NLR, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, positive culture and hospital stay as independent predictors. Escalation was associated with ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and mortality, while clinical cure was lower. Conclusion: Inflammatory biomarkers, particularly procalcitonin and CRP, may assist early risk stratification and stewardship-guided antibiotic reassessment. Prospective validation is required before implementation.
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How To Cite (APA)
Dr.Noorunnisa Begum, Syeda Madiha Firdous, Rauf Fathima Banu, Dr.Adeeba Afreen, & Rasheedunnisa Begum (August-2026). ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKERS AND ANTIBIOTIC ESCALATION PATTERNS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY . INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 11(8), b387-b409. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2608138.pdf
Issue
Volume 11 Issue 8, August-2026
Pages : b387-b409
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Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_327725
Published Paper Id: IJNRD2608138
Research Area: Pharmacy All
Author Type: Indian Author
Country: Hyderabad, Tealangana, India
Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2608138.pdf
Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2608138
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