A REVIEW ON STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION SHIP OF AND THEIR ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTSTHERAPEUTIC SIGNIFICANCE.

Registration ID: IJNRD_327144

Published ID: IJNRD2608129

: Click Here to Get

About Hard Copy and Transparent Peer Review Report

KUSHMA SRI BHAVYA BANDARU, LAVANYA DEVI BONDA, HARI CHANDANA BANDI, S.S.R.NAVYA LAKSHMI CHAKKA, TEJASWI BANDARU

Biguanides, Metformin, Structure–Activity Relationship, Heterocyclic Derivatives, Antidiabetic Activity, Anticancer Activity, Antimicrobial Activity, Schiff Bases, Metal Complexes, Drug Design.

Biguanides constitute a versatile class of compounds with significant therapeutic value and a wide range of biological activities. While metformin remains the cornerstone of biguanide-based therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus, extensive research has led to the synthesis of novel biguanide derivatives with enhanced pharmacological properties. Structural modifications of the biguanide framework, including incorporation into heterocyclic systems, aromatic ring substitutions, halogenation, and coordination with metal ions, have been shown to markedly influence biological activity. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) investigations indicate that factors such as electronic effects, lipophilicity, molecular size, and hydrogen-bonding capability play critical roles in determining target affinity, cellular permeability, potency, and selectivity. The incorporation of biguanide groups into heterocyclic scaffolds, including benzimidazole, imidazole, triazole, and pyrimidine derivatives, has produced compounds exhibiting not only improved antidiabetic activity but also promising anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. In addition, functional group modifications, particularly halogen substitution, have contributed to improved metabolic stability and favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics. Emerging studies on Schiff base-derived biguanides and metal-complex analogues further demonstrate the potential of these compounds as innovative therapeutic agents against cancer and microbial infections. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the SAR of biguanide derivatives and examines the relationship between structural features and pharmacological performance. The therapeutic applications of these compounds across metabolic, oncological, and infectious diseases are discussed, along with current challenges and future prospects in rational drug design. Understanding these SAR patterns may support the development of next-generation biguanide-based drugs with enhanced efficacy, selectivity, and safety. [46,41,39,40]

Published Paper   E-Certificate

KUSHMA SRI BHAVYA BANDARU, LAVANYA DEVI BONDA, HARI CHANDANA BANDI, S.S.R.NAVYA LAKSHMI CHAKKA, & TEJASWI BANDARU (August-2026). A REVIEW ON STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION SHIP OF AND THEIR ORAL HYPOGLYCEMIC AGENTSTHERAPEUTIC SIGNIFICANCE.. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 11(8), b270-b285. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2608129.pdf

Volume 11 Issue 8, August-2026

Pages : b270-b285

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_327144

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2608129

Research Area: Pharmacy All

Author Type: Indian Author

Country: EAST GODAVARI DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2608129.pdf

Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2608129

Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT(IJNRD)

UGC CARE JOURNAL PUBLICATION | ISSN: 2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016

An International UGC CARE JOURNAL PUBLICATION, Low Cost, Scholarly Open Access, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator

Publisher: IJNRD (IJ Publication) Janvi Wave | IJNRD.ORG | IJNRD.COM | IJPUB.ORG

© 2026 - Authors hold the copyright of this article. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. and The Open Definition. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). 🛡️ Disclaimer: The content, data, and findings in this article are based on the authors’ research and have been peer-reviewed for academic purposes only. Readers are advised to verify all information before practical or commercial use. The journal and its editorial board are not liable for any errors, losses, or consequences arising from its use.

Call For Paper - Volume 11 | Issue 8 | August 2026

IJNRD is a Scholarly Open Access, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, and UGC CARE Journal Publication with a High Impact Factor of 8.76 (calculated by Google Scholar & Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool). It is a Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Low-Cost, and Transparent Peer Review Journal Publication that adheres to the New UGC CARE Transparent Peer-Reviewed Journal Policy and aligns with Scopus Journal Publication standards to ensure the highest level of research quality and credibility.

IJNRD offers comprehensive Journal Publication Services including indexing in all major databases and metadata repositories, Digital Object Identifier (Crossref DOI) assignment for each published article with additional fees, citation generation tools, and full Open Access visibility to enhance global research reach and citation impact.

The INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJNRD) aims to advance applied, theoretical, and experimental research across diverse academic and professional fields. The journal promotes global knowledge exchange among researchers, developers, academicians, engineers, and practitioners, serving as a trusted platform for innovative, peer-reviewed journal publication and scientific collaboration.

Indexing Coverage: Google Scholar, SSRN, ResearcherID-Publons, Semantic Scholar (AI-Powered Research Tool), Microsoft Academic, Academia.edu, arXiv.org, ResearchGate, CiteSeerX, ResearcherID (Thomson Reuters), Mendeley, DocStoc, ISSUU, Scribd, and many other recognized academic repositories.

Transparent Peer Review Journal Publication: IJNRD operates a strict double-blind peer review system managed by 3000+ expert reviewers, ensuring ethical, unbiased, and high-quality review for every research paper.

For Indian Authors : Get a transparent peer review report from Scholar9.com for just ₹1000. View Sample Report

For Foreign Authors : A detailed peer review report is available through Scholar9.com for $20 USD. View Sample Report

Transparent Peer Review Journal Publication

⭐ Transparent Peer Review | 🕵️‍♂️ Double-Blind | 👨‍🏫 3000+ Expert Reviewers | 🇮🇳 Report for India Author ₹1000 | 🌐 Report for Foreign Author $20 | 📄 Sample Reports on Scholar9.com | 🌍 High Credibility | ⚖️ Ethical & Unbiased Evaluation

How to submit the paper?

By Our website

Click Here to Submit Paper Online

By Mail

Send your paper to editor@ijnrd.org

Recently, the UGC discontinued the UGC-CARE Journal List and introduced new parameters that allow publication in Transparent Peer-Reviewed (Refereed) Journals. IJNRD is Transparent Peer Review Journal Valid As per New UGC Notification.

You can now publish your research paper in IJNRD.ORG. IJNRD is a Transparent Peer-Reviewed Open Access (Refereed Journal), UGC and UGC CARE Approved, Crossref DOI, Multidisciplinary, Impact Factor calculate by Google Scholar. As an International, open-access, and online journal, Publishing with us ensures wider reach, academic credibility, and enhanced recognition for your work.

For more details, refer to the official notice: UGC Public Notice

⭐ Low Cost ₹1570 | 📚 UGC CARE Approved | 🔍 Peer-Reviewed | 🌐 Open Access | 🔗 Crossref DOI & Global Indexing | 📊 Google Scholar Impact Factor | 🧪 Multidisciplinary

Submit Paper Online  Call for Paper  About IJNRD UGC CARE Approval

Important Dates for Current issue

Paper Submission Open For: August 2026

Current Issue: Volume 11 | Issue 8 | August 2026

Impact Factor: 8.76

Last Date for Paper Submission: Till 31-Aug-2026

Notification of Review Result: Transparent peer review process - your paper is evaluated by experts, and you receive acceptance or rejection updates via email and SMS.

Publication of Paper: Once all documents are submitted, your paper is published without delay, and you can instantly download your certificate and confirmation letter online.

Frequency: Monthly (12 issue Annually).

Journal Type: IJNRD is an international open-access journal offering Low Cost Journal Publication, transparent Peer Review Journal Publication, Crossref DOI, and multidisciplinary research visibility under UGC CARE Approved Journal Publication.

Subject Category: Research Area

Approval, Licenses and Indexing: More Details

Call For Paper - Volume 11 | Issue 8 | August 2026

IJNRD.org offers low-cost journal publication starting at ₹1570 with UGC CARE Approved, refereed, peer-reviewed, open-access publishing. This multidisciplinary monthly journal, available in both online and print formats, features a strong Google Scholar-based impact factor of 8.76, Transparent Peer Review, CrossRef DOI, global indexing, fast publication, and complete metadata for maximum research visibility and citation impact across multidisciplinary domains.

Volume 11 | Issue 8 | August 2026 | IJNRD Transparent Peer Review Certificate | Submit Paper Online till 31-Aug-2026

⭐ UGC CARE Approved Refereed Journal | 🔍 Transparent Peer Review | 🌐 Open Access Publishing | 💰 Low-Cost ₹1570 | 🔗 CrossRef DOI & Global Indexing | 📊 Google Scholar Impact Factor 8.76 | 🧪 Multidisciplinary | Online & Print

Submit Paper Online