Review on Formulation and Development of Floating Drug Delivery Systems (FDDS)/Gastro retentive Drug Delivery Systems (GRDDS): Past, Present and Future Perspectives

Registration ID: IJNRD_325901

Published ID: IJNRD2607159

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Rutwik jadhav, Dr. H. A. Joshi

FDDS, GRDDS, Floating tablets, Gastro retentive systems, Sustained release, controlled drug delivery

Floating Drug delivery Systems (FDDS) represents a significant advancements in Gastroretentive drug delivery system strategies aimed at enhancing oral bioavailability of drug exhibiting narrow absorption windows, PH-dependent solubility site specific absorption in the upper gastro intestinal tract, or instability in intestinal environment, Conventional dosage form often suffer from unpredictable gastric emptying and reduced therapeutic efficacy ,Particularly for drugs absorbed primarily in the stomach or proximal small intestine. FDDS are designed to overcome these limitation by reducing system density below that of gastric fluid (approximately 1.004 g/cm3), thereby enabling prolonged gastric resistance time through buoyancy mechanisms. Since the initial conceptualization of hydro dynamically balanced system in the late 1960s, floating drug delivery technology has evolved substantially. Early systems primarily relied on swellable polymer matrices; however, contemporarily formulations incorporate sophisticated effervescent and non-effervescent mechanisms, raft forming systems, multiparticulate dosage forms, and hollow microspheres, floating beads lipid based carriers and polymeric hybrid systems. Advances in polymer science-particularly the use of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), carbopol, Sodium alginate, Xanthan gum, Chitosan, ethyl cellulose and lipid excipients such as Gelucire-have enabled improved control over floating lag time, total floating duration matrix integrity, and drug release kinetics. Modern FDDS formulations are engineered using diverse manufacturing approaches including direct compression, wet granulation, solvent evaporation, ionotropic gelation, spray drying, hot melt extrusion, and more recently, Three dimensional (3D Printing) technologies .Multiparticulate floating system has gained considerable attention due to their reduced risk of dose dumping, improved gastric distribution and enhanced reproducibility compared to single unit systems. Furthermore, integration of floating mechanisms with mucoadhesive properties has opened new avenues for duel Gastroretentive action. Current research trends focus on improving in-vivo predictability, scalability, and patient-centric customization. Emerging advancements including smart stimuli responsive polymers, nanostructured floating carriers, expandable Gastroretentive platforms and AI assisted formulation optimization. These developments aim to improve therapeutic outcomes for drugs such as metformin hydrochloride, propranolol captopril, and ciprofloxacin ranitidine and other molecules requiring extended gastric retention. This comprehensive review critically examines the historical evolution, fundamental mechanisms, formulation strategies, polymer selection criteria evaluation parameters, current consolidating extensive pharmaceutics based literature, and the review provides a detailed scientific foundation for researchers, academicians, and formulation scientists engaged in the development of advanced Gastroretentive dosage forms.

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Rutwik jadhav & Dr. H. A. Joshi (July-2026). Review on Formulation and Development of Floating Drug Delivery Systems (FDDS)/Gastro retentive Drug Delivery Systems (GRDDS): Past, Present and Future Perspectives. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 11(7), b541-b564. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2607159.pdf

Volume 11 Issue 7, July-2026

Pages : b541-b564

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_325901

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2607159

Research Area: Pharmacy All

Author Type: Indian Author

Country: Shahupuri satara, Maharashtra, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2607159.pdf

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