IMPACT OF EJACULATORY ABSTINENCE DURATION ON SEMEN QUALITY, SPERM DNA INTEGRITY, AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY OUTCOMES: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Registration ID: IJNRD_326762

Published ID: IJNRD2606465

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NIREEKSHA L WALI, MOVVA ANJANI

Ejaculatory abstinence; semen quality; sperm DNA fragmentation; oxidative stress; male infertility; assisted reproductive technology; in vitro fertilization; intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

ABSTRACT Background: Ejaculatory abstinence duration is an important yet modifiable determinant of male reproductive health. Although conventional recommendations favor abstinence periods of 2–7 days to standardize semen analysis, accumulating evidence suggests that prolonged sperm storage within the male reproductive tract may adversely influence sperm functional competence through oxidative and genomic damage. Objective: To critically examine the relationship between ejaculatory abstinence duration, conventional semen parameters, sperm DNA integrity, and outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Evidence Acquisition: A narrative review of English-language literature published between 2000 and 2026 was undertaken using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Original investigations, cohort studies, and relevant reviews evaluating abstinence duration in relation to semen quality, sperm DNA fragmentation, oxidative stress, and reproductive outcomes were considered. Main Findings: Longer abstinence intervals generally increase semen volume and total sperm count but are frequently accompanied by diminished motility, elevated oxidative stress, and higher levels of sperm DNA fragmentation. Conversely, shorter abstinence periods, particularly within 24–48 hours, consistently demonstrate lower DNA damage and improved functional sperm characteristics despite modest reductions in semen volume and concentration. Several investigations further indicate favorable fertilization rates, embryo development, and pregnancy outcomes following shorter abstinence, especially among men with increased baseline sperm DNA fragmentation undergoing ICSI. Conclusion: Current evidence supports a transition from uniform abstinence recommendations toward individualized strategies tailored to semen characteristics, sperm genomic integrity, and specific ART procedures. Optimizing abstinence duration represents a simple, non-invasive approach that may enhance reproductive success in selected patient populations.

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NIREEKSHA L WALI & MOVVA ANJANI (June-2026). IMPACT OF EJACULATORY ABSTINENCE DURATION ON SEMEN QUALITY, SPERM DNA INTEGRITY, AND ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY OUTCOMES: A NARRATIVE REVIEW . INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 11(6), e572-e586. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2606465.pdf

Volume 11 Issue 6, June-2026

Pages : e572-e586

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_326762

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2606465

Research Area: Medical Science All

Author Type: Indian Author

Country: Mysore, Karnataka, India

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