“FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF KIDNEY STONE CAPSULE BY USING ACHYRANTHES ASPERA”

Registration ID: IJNRD_325436

Published ID: IJNRD2605620

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Miss.Vaishnavi Sunil Thote, Ass. Prof. Miss. Priti Ambhore.

Achyranthes aspera, Kidney Stones, Urolithiasis, Anti-urolithic, Herbal Capsule, Hard Gelatine Capsule, Diuretic, Crystal Inhibition, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Maize Starch, Indian Pharmacopoeia, Nephrolithiasis

Kidney stones, clinically referred to as urolithiasis or nephrolithiasis, represent one of the most prevalent and painful urological disorders encountered in modern clinical practice, affecting approximately 10–15% of the global population and carrying a lifetime recurrence risk exceeding 50%. The condition is characterized by the formation of hard, crystalline mineral deposits primarily composed of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, struvite, or cystine within the renal collecting system, resulting from supersaturation of urine with stone-forming substances combined with a deficiency of natural crystallization inhibitors. The excruciating pain of renal colic, urinary obstruction, haematuria, and progressive renal damage associated with recurrent kidney stones impose a substantial clinical, economic, and quality of-life burden on millions of patients worldwide. Conventional pharmacological management of kidney stones includes potassium citrate, thiazide diuretics, allopurinol, and alpha-blockers, supplemented by invasive procedures such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for established stones. While effective, these approaches are expensive, associated with significant adverse effects, and fail to prevent stone recurrence in a substantial proportion of patients highlighting the urgent need for safe, effective, and affordable preventive therapeutic strategies. Achyranthes aspera Linn. (Family: Amaranthaceae), commonly known as Prickly Chaff Flower or Chirchita, is a widely distributed medicinal plant with a rich and well-documented history of use in Ayurvedic, Unani, and folk medicine systems for the treatment of urinary disorders including kidney stones, dysuria, and urinary retention. The plant particularly its aerial parts, roots, and seeds is rich in bioactive phytochemicals including saponins (achyranthine), alkaloids (betaine), flavonoids, tannins, Eddystone, oleanolic acid, and various amino acids that collectively demonstrate potent diuretic, anti-urolithic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and crystal-inhibitory activities highly relevant to kidney stone prevention and management. The present work focuses on the formulation and evaluation of hard gelatine capsules containing standardized Achyranthes aspera plant powder as the primary anti-urolithic herbal active ingredient. Three capsule formulations (F1, F2, F3) were prepared by varying the concentrations of Achyranthes aspera powder (0.50 g, 0.60 g, 0.70 g) while optimizing the concentrations of pharmaceutical excipients Microcrystalline Cellulose IP as diluent, Maize Starch IP as disintegrant, Magnesium Stearate IP as lubricant, and Talc IP as glidant to achieve optimal powder flow, capsule fill uniformity, and in-vitro drug release. The prepared capsules were evaluated for weight uniformity, disintegration time, dissolution, drug content, powder flow properties, and stability as per Indian Pharmacopoeia and ICH guidelines. Results demonstrated that the optimized formulation produced pharmaceutically acceptable capsules with consistent drug content, satisfactory disintegration, and promising potential as a natural, affordable, and patient-friendly herbal anti-urolithic preparation for the prevention and management of kidney stones.

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Miss.Vaishnavi Sunil Thote & Ass. Prof. Miss. Priti Ambhore. (May-2026). “FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF KIDNEY STONE CAPSULE BY USING ACHYRANTHES ASPERA”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 11(5), g45-g61. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2605620.pdf

Volume 11 Issue 5, May-2026

Pages : g45-g61

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_325436

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2605620

Research Area: Pharmacy All

Author Type: Indian Author

Country: Chh.Sambhajinagar, Maharashtra, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2605620.pdf

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