Paper Title
A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Treatment Methods for Used Lubricant Oils
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Registration ID: IJNRD_324906
Published ID: IJNRD2605379
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Keywords
Lubricant Oil, Purification, Chemical treatment
Abstract
This research explores the chemical processing of used lubricant oil (ULO) with the aim of improving its recyclability and mitigating its environmental footprint by utilizing an optimized solvent extraction technique. ULO, extensively used in automotive and industrial sectors, deteriorates over time due to oxidation, contamination, and the buildup of harmful elements such as heavy metals (including lead, zinc, copper), sulfur compounds, and various additives. These impurities compromise the oil’s functionality, rendering it unsuitable for reuse unless properly treated. Hence, efficient chemical treatment is crucial to restore its lubricating qualities and enable environmentally responsible recycling. The study assesses multiple chemical treatment methods, such as solvent extraction, acid-base treatments, adsorption, and hydrocracking. The primary focus is on solvent extraction employing a ternary solvent mixture made up of 1-butanol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and either methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) or methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). Two solvent formulations were tested: (i) MEK-based (comprising 25% MEK, 25% IPA, and 50% 1-butanol) and (ii) MIBK-based (consisting of 25% MIBK, 25% IPA, and 50% 1-butanol), with solvent-to-ULO ratios of 1:1.5 and 1:2.5. Experiments conducted at laboratory scale investigated how solvent composition, solvent-to-oil ratio, and temperature affected oil recovery efficiency and contaminant removal. Findings indicated that the MEK-based solvent system (50% 1-butanol, 25% IPA, 25% MEK) achieved superior sludge separation and contaminant elimination, with optimal performance at a solvent-to-oil ratio of 3:1 and an extraction temperature of 25°C. Post-extraction, the ULO underwent further refinement via vacuum distillation. The entire re-refining process was simulated for a capacity of 2200 kg/h using Aspen Plus™, modeling four pseudo-components (saturates, monoaromatics, diaromatics, and polyaromatics) and applying the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) and universal quasi-chemical activity coefficient (UNIQUAC) models for liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE). The simulation outcomes closely matched experimental data, validating the solvent mixture’s efficacy. Additional analysis of the sludge composition revealed that oil recovery and contaminant removal rates were strongly dependent on the proportion of 1-butanol in the solvent blend. The study concluded that the concentrations of MEK and IPA should each remain below 25%, while maintaining 1-butanol at 50% as the most effective solvent base. This investigation presents an optimized chemical treatment process that enhances the recyclability of ULO, reduces its environmental impact, and supports sustainable waste management. The results provide a promising approach to advancing the re-refining industry by minimizing waste and maximizing oil recovery through solvent extraction combined with vacuum distillation.
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How To Cite (APA)
Dhinaya Berin B.S, Aswini M.K, & Gowshika M (May-2026). A Comprehensive Review on Chemical Treatment Methods for Used Lubricant Oils . INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 11(5), d704-d717. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2605379.pdf
Issue
Volume 11 Issue 5, May-2026
Pages : d704-d717
Other Publication Details
Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_324906
Published Paper Id: IJNRD2605379
Research Area: Chemistry All
Author Type: Indian Author
Country: kannikumari , Tamil Nadu, India
Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2605379.pdf
Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2605379
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