Assessing the knowledge of poor posture’s impact on breathing among tailoring professionals in Mumbai city

Registration ID: IJNRD_311361

Published ID: IJNRD2602079

: Click Here to Get

About Hard Copy and Transparent Peer Review Report

Sarah Ashraf Khan

Poor posture,Breathing,Tailoring Professionals,Knowledge,Awareness

Title (Max 20 words) ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE OF POOR POSTURE'S IMPACT ON BREATHING AMONG TAILORING PROFESSIONALS IN MUMBAI CITY Abstract (Max 300 words) Background: Tailoring is a high-risk occupation involving prolonged, repetitive tasks in static and constrained postures, such as sustained sitting. This can lead to poor postural adaptations like Forward Head Posture and thoracic kyphosis. Such musculoskeletal malalignments are known to compromise the biomechanics of the cervicothoracic spine and restrict normal breathing mechanics, yet there is a distinct lack of data on tailoring professionals' awareness of this specific link. Aim/Objective: The aim of this study was to study and assess the knowledge of poor posture's impact on breathing among tailoring professionals in Mumbai city using a self-made validated questionnaire. Methodology: A cross-sectional (observational) study was conducted in Mumbai over 18 months, utilizing convenient sampling. A total of 84 tailoring professionals (both male and female) in the age group of 22–44 years were enrolled. Ethical clearance and written informed consent were obtained prior to the administration of a self-made, validated questionnaire, which was translated into English, Hindi, and Marathi. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results: A total of 84 participants were included. The largest proportion of participants belonged to the 26–30 years category (27%). The majority of respondents (n = 78, 94%) reported low awareness, while a small proportion (n = 5, 6%) indicated moderate awareness. No respondents reported high awareness. A chi-square test showed no statistically significant association between age group and level of awareness (χ 2 (4, N = 83) = 3.72, p = .445). Conclusion: The study reveals a concerning lack of awareness about posture and its impact on breathing among tailoring professionals. Educational interventions and workplace ergonomic adjustments are crucial to improve the health and well-being of this occupational group. Keywords (3-5 required) Poor Posture, Breathing, Tailoring Professionals, Knowledge, Awareness. Introduction (Max 500 words) The ready-made garments industry in India is a major employer, with over 3 million people working in approximately 70,000 units. Tailoring professionals often face production pressure, working long hours and overtime. The work involves monotonous, highly repetitive tasks performed in a sitting posture, which places continuous strain on selected muscles and bones. This cumulative load is reflected in an elevated prevalence of pain and discomfort, classifying the job as highly strenuous. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDS) are commonly associated with restricted, incorrect seated positions, which lead to excessive back bending, shoulder flexion, and trunk flexion. A common postural deviation observed in this population is Forward Head Posture (FHP), where the head is shifted anteriorly from the middle of the shoulder. This misalignment is often compensated for by developing a thoracic kyphosis (slump posture). The combined postural deviation has a direct and measurable impact on pulmonary function. FHP and thoracic kyphosis restrict normal breathing mechanics, leading to reduced lung capacities, including Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume in the 1st second (FEV1). Specifically, the slump posture impairs chest wall mobility and diaphragm activity. To compensate, the body increases its reliance on accessory respiratory muscles in the neck, such as the scalene and sternocleidomastoid muscles. Increased activity of these muscles has been demonstrated in patients with FHP and is also a contributing factor to the high prevalence of neck and shoulder pain reported by tailors. Tailoring professionals face various health-related problems, including headache, joint pain, and wheezing problems. While literature confirms the musculoskeletal and pulmonary effects of a poor sitting position, there is a lack of research specifically assessing the knowledge and awareness of the respiratory impact of poor posture among the tailoring population. Understanding their current knowledge level is critical for designing effective, targeted public health interventions. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess the knowledge of poor posture’s impact on breathing among tailoring professionals in Mumbai city. Materials and methods (Max 1,000 words) Study Design and Setting The study utilized a Cross-sectional (Observational) design. The study was conducted in Mumbai city. The duration of the study was 18 months. Sample Design The sample size was calculated as 84 participants using the Open Epi software. The sampling method was convenient sampling. The target population was tailoring professionals (both male and female). Selection Criteria Inclusion Criteria: Individuals willing to participate; tailoring professionals with age 22–34 (Early Adulthood) and age 35–44 (Early Middle Age); both male and female. Exclusion Criteria: Individuals with preexisting respiratory conditions (Asthma and COPD); individuals with cognitive disorders; pregnant female tailors (2nd and 3rd trimester); individuals who are chronic smokers; individuals who are currently on medications (e.g., Bronchodilators); and individuals with Grade 3 and 4 obesity. Outcome Measure A self-made, validated questionnaire was used as the outcome measure. The questionnaire was translated into three languages: English, Hindi, and Marathi, to ensure comprehension by the participants. Procedure Ethical Approval: Ethical clearance was obtained from the institutional ethical committee prior to conducting the study. Subject Selection and Consent: Subjects were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and their willingness to participate. A written informed consent form was obtained in the language best understood by the participant. Data Collection: The purpose and procedure of the study were explained to the subjects. The self-made questionnaire was administered, and the individuals answered the questions based on their knowledge. Data Recording: Data was collected on a data sheet. Data analysis (Max 100 words) The collected data was encoded using Microsoft Excel. Computerized statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25.0 for Windows. Descriptive statistics were used to interpret the data in the form of pie charts and tables. To examine the relationship between age group and level of awareness, a chi-square test of independence was conducted. Results (Max 500 words) A total of 84 participants in the age group of 22–44 years were included in the study, with no dropouts. Demographic Data (Age Distribution) The sample was fairly evenly distributed across the age categories. The frequency distribution of respondents across the five age groups was: 26–30 years: 27% (Largest proportion) 36–40 years: 24% 21–25 years: 23% 31–35 years: 13% 41–45 years: 13% Level of Awareness The distribution of awareness levels showed a clear trend towards low awareness across the sample. Low Awareness: 94% (n = 78) of all respondents reported low awareness. Moderate Awareness: 6% (n = 5) of all respondents reported moderate awareness. High Awareness: 0% reported high awareness. Awareness by Age Group Low awareness was consistently dominant across all age categories: 31–35 years: 100% reported low awareness. 26–30 years: 95% reported low awareness. 41–45 years: Reported moderate awareness most frequently (18%). A chi-square test of independence was performed to check the association between age group and level of awareness. The results indicated that the association was not statistically significant (χ 2 (4, N = 83) = 3.72, p = .445). This finding suggests that the level of awareness did not differ meaningfully across the investigated age groups. Awareness by Gender Males: 93.1% (n=67) reported low awareness, and 6.9% (n=5) reported moderate awareness. Females: 91.67% (n=11) reported low awareness, and 8.33% (n=1) reported moderate awareness. Discussion (Max 1,000 words) The primary finding of this study is the overwhelmingly low level of awareness (94%) among tailoring professionals in Mumbai regarding the impact of poor posture on breathing. This knowledge deficit is concerning, given the established occupational risk profile of the tailoring profession. Tailoring involves static and constrained sitting postures for prolonged periods, classifying it as a highly strenuous activity. Epidemiological studies in this sector consistently report a high prevalence of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSDs), with substantial rates of pain in the neck, shoulders, and lower back. Factors such as daily working hours exceeding eight and prolonged work experience are strongly associated with the elevated prevalence of these disorders. The biomechanical consequences of the typical work posture—characterized by a slumping trunk and forward head position—are significant. FHP and Thoracic Hyperkyphosis frequently coexist. This combined malalignment directly impacts the respiratory system by restricting chest wall mobility and compromising the efficiency of the diaphragm. Studies have quantified this effect, showing reduced lung parameters, such as FVC and FEV1, in individuals with FHP. The body compensates for this restricted breathing by increasing the reliance on accessory inspiratory muscles, namely the sternocleidomastoid and scalenes. While necessary for breathing, the constant use and subsequent shortening of these accessory muscles may contribute to the high prevalence of neck and shoulder pain reported in this occupational group. The finding of low awareness is critical because effective occupational health interventions must be predicated on a clear understanding of the target population's knowledge base. Despite the well-documented physiological link between poor posture, malalignments, and respiratory deficits, this study is novel in that it specifically investigated the knowledge of this mechanism among tailoring professionals. The lack of a significant difference in awareness across age groups (p = .445) suggests that the knowledge deficit is pervasive and not simply a factor of generational experience. The low awareness level, regardless of age, reinforces the urgent need for targeted, educational, and ergonomic training programs. These interventions should go beyond general advice on pain relief and explicitly teach the functional link between proper sitting posture, diaphragmatic breathing, and the prevention of respiratory issues. Without this foundational knowledge, compliance with ergonomic workplace adjustments is likely to be low. Conclusion (Max 50 words) The study reveals a concerning lack of awareness about posture and its impact on breathing among tailoring professionals. Given the physical demands of their occupation, educational interventions and workplace ergonomic adjustments are crucial to mitigate these issues and ultimately improve the respiratory health and overall well-being of tailoring professionals. References (Max 50 references, Harvard Style) (This is a selection of the references listed in your project file, formatted to the IAPJ's Harvard (Author Year) style). Baviskar M, Rangari S (2019) Study of working conditions & morbidity profile amongst tailors in small scale garment manufacturing outfits in a suburban slum of Mumbai: A quant→ Qual mixed method study. Szczygieł E, Zielonka K, Mętel S, Golec J (2017) Musculo-skeletal and pulmonary effects of sitting position-a systematic review. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. 24(1). Jamro SA, Sheikh MA, Rajput HI, Chughtai MJ, Amanullah D, Jamroo DA (2018) Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Tailors. Int J Pharmaceutical Sci Health. 2. Kang JI, Jeong DK, Choi H (2016) The effects of Incathing excrcise types ou respiratory muscle activity and body function in patients with mild chaonic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Phys Ther Sci. 28: 500-505. Kendall FP, Provance PG, McCreary EK (1993) Muscle: testing and function with posture and pain, 4th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp36-37.

Published Paper   E-Certificate

Sarah Ashraf Khan (February-2026). Assessing the knowledge of poor posture’s impact on breathing among tailoring professionals in Mumbai city . INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 11(2), a695-a697. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2602079.pdf

Volume 11 Issue 2, February-2026

Pages : a695-a697

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_311361

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2602079

Research Area: Health Science All

Author Type: Indian Author

Country: Mumbai, maharashtra, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2602079.pdf

Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2602079

Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT(IJNRD)

UGC CARE JOURNAL PUBLICATION | ISSN: 2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016

An International UGC CARE JOURNAL PUBLICATION, Low Cost, Scholarly Open Access, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator

Publisher: IJNRD (IJ Publication) Janvi Wave | IJNRD.ORG | IJNRD.COM | IJPUB.ORG

© 2026 - Authors hold the copyright of this article. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. and The Open Definition. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). 🛡️ Disclaimer: The content, data, and findings in this article are based on the authors’ research and have been peer-reviewed for academic purposes only. Readers are advised to verify all information before practical or commercial use. The journal and its editorial board are not liable for any errors, losses, or consequences arising from its use.

Call For Paper - Volume 11 | Issue 4 | April 2026

IJNRD is a Scholarly Open Access, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, and UGC CARE Journal Publication with a High Impact Factor of 8.76 (calculated by Google Scholar & Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool). It is a Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Low-Cost, and Transparent Peer Review Journal Publication that adheres to the New UGC CARE Transparent Peer-Reviewed Journal Policy and aligns with Scopus Journal Publication standards to ensure the highest level of research quality and credibility.

IJNRD offers comprehensive Journal Publication Services including indexing in all major databases and metadata repositories, Digital Object Identifier (Crossref DOI) assignment for each published article with additional fees, citation generation tools, and full Open Access visibility to enhance global research reach and citation impact.

The INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJNRD) aims to advance applied, theoretical, and experimental research across diverse academic and professional fields. The journal promotes global knowledge exchange among researchers, developers, academicians, engineers, and practitioners, serving as a trusted platform for innovative, peer-reviewed journal publication and scientific collaboration.

Indexing Coverage: Google Scholar, SSRN, ResearcherID-Publons, Semantic Scholar (AI-Powered Research Tool), Microsoft Academic, Academia.edu, arXiv.org, ResearchGate, CiteSeerX, ResearcherID (Thomson Reuters), Mendeley, DocStoc, ISSUU, Scribd, and many other recognized academic repositories.

Transparent Peer Review Journal Publication: IJNRD operates a strict double-blind peer review system managed by 3000+ expert reviewers, ensuring ethical, unbiased, and high-quality review for every research paper.

For Indian Authors : Get a transparent peer review report from Scholar9.com for just ₹1000. View Sample Report

For Foreign Authors : A detailed peer review report is available through Scholar9.com for $20 USD. View Sample Report

Transparent Peer Review Journal Publication

⭐ Transparent Peer Review | 🕵️‍♂️ Double-Blind | 👨‍🏫 3000+ Expert Reviewers | 🇮🇳 Report for India Author ₹1000 | 🌐 Report for Foreign Author $20 | 📄 Sample Reports on Scholar9.com | 🌍 High Credibility | ⚖️ Ethical & Unbiased Evaluation

How to submit the paper?

By Our website

Click Here to Submit Paper Online

By Mail

Send your paper to editor@ijnrd.org

Recently, the UGC discontinued the UGC-CARE Journal List and introduced new parameters that allow publication in Transparent Peer-Reviewed (Refereed) Journals. IJNRD is Transparent Peer Review Journal Valid As per New UGC Notification.

You can now publish your research paper in IJNRD.ORG. IJNRD is a Transparent Peer-Reviewed Open Access (Refereed Journal), UGC and UGC CARE Approved, Crossref DOI, Multidisciplinary, Impact Factor calculate by Google Scholar. As an International, open-access, and online journal, Publishing with us ensures wider reach, academic credibility, and enhanced recognition for your work.

For more details, refer to the official notice: UGC Public Notice

⭐ Low Cost ₹1570 | 📚 UGC CARE Approved | 🔍 Peer-Reviewed | 🌐 Open Access | 🔗 Crossref DOI & Global Indexing | 📊 Google Scholar Impact Factor | 🧪 Multidisciplinary

Submit Paper Online  Call for Paper  About IJNRD UGC CARE Approval

Important Dates for Current issue

Paper Submission Open For: April 2026

Current Issue: Volume 11 | Issue 4 | April 2026

Impact Factor: 8.76

Last Date for Paper Submission: Till 30-Apr-2026

Notification of Review Result: Transparent peer review process - your paper is evaluated by experts, and you receive acceptance or rejection updates via email and SMS.

Publication of Paper: Once all documents are submitted, your paper is published without delay, and you can instantly download your certificate and confirmation letter online.

Frequency: Monthly (12 issue Annually).

Journal Type: IJNRD is an international open-access journal offering Low Cost Journal Publication, transparent Peer Review Journal Publication, Crossref DOI, and multidisciplinary research visibility under UGC CARE Approved Journal Publication.

Subject Category: Research Area

Approval, Licenses and Indexing: More Details

Call For Paper - Volume 11 | Issue 4 | April 2026

IJNRD.org offers low-cost journal publication starting at ₹1570 with UGC CARE Approved, refereed, peer-reviewed, open-access publishing. This multidisciplinary monthly journal, available in both online and print formats, features a strong Google Scholar-based impact factor of 8.76, Transparent Peer Review, CrossRef DOI, global indexing, fast publication, and complete metadata for maximum research visibility and citation impact across multidisciplinary domains.

Volume 11 | Issue 4 | April 2026 | IJNRD Transparent Peer Review Certificate | Submit Paper Online till 30-Apr-2026

⭐ UGC CARE Approved Refereed Journal | 🔍 Transparent Peer Review | 🌐 Open Access Publishing | 💰 Low-Cost ₹1570 | 🔗 CrossRef DOI & Global Indexing | 📊 Google Scholar Impact Factor 8.76 | 🧪 Multidisciplinary | Online & Print

Submit Paper Online