World Trade Opportunism: Agreeable Terms of Global Exploitation

Registration ID: IJNRD_310605

Published ID: IJNRD2512186

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Deepanjan Sen Gupta

World Trade Special and Differential Treatment, Developing Countries, Global Governance, Elitism, Explanatory Nationalism, Cosmopolitanism, Thomas Pogge, David Held, International Political Economy

A while ago, a US Presidential memorandum was issued for the consideration of WTO’s membership, which sought to deny ‘Special and Differential Treatment’ to developing countries in current and future agreements. As was expected, the third world retaliated, and it was India who rallied them for the cause. When considered as a standalone event, the memorandum can be seen as another reactionary diktat of a conservative regime, but a closer probe establishes a pattern- the Modern Nation-State either constitutes or owes its existence to a powerful caucus of elites and is narrowly representative even when they are procedurally democratic. The WTO (and the GATT before it) presents itself as a forum for negotiating trade agreements with an overarching aim to ‘open trade for the benefit of all’. The constituent members who partake in these negotiations are rarely the legitimate ambassadors of a conclusive ‘General Will’ of their people. Agreements between national elites abjure the questions of substantive local representation and institutional mechanisms that are employed to ensure that any shroud of ignorance towards one’s elitist and situated self-interest is forsaken. Once the garb of concern towards the deprived and disenfranchised is shed, these modern-day social contracts employ a concerted effort to systematically empower a global ‘Leviathan’, free from the cartographic restrictions of States, while subjugating the historically dispossessed even further. Building on Thomas Pogge’s argument of ‘explanatory nationalism’, which he employs to question the legitimacy of ill-governed states to act on behalf of their citizens, this paper will attempt to critically analyse the international order’s incapacity to address global concerns. Further, borrowing from the cosmopolitan argument of the likes of David Held and others, the paper will advocate for the individual’s concern (situated or autonomous) on the global stage and for a shift away from ‘the international to the global’.

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Deepanjan Sen Gupta (December-2025). World Trade Opportunism: Agreeable Terms of Global Exploitation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 10(12), b795-b799. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2512186.pdf

Volume 10 Issue 12, December-2025

Pages : b795-b799

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_310605

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2512186

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Author Type: Indian Author

Country: Gurugram, Haryana, India

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