Paper Title
Types and Comparative performance of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systemic review of Clinical Trials and Comparative Study(excluding case reports)
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Registration ID: IJNRD_310376
Published ID: IJNRD2511122
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Keywords
COVID-19 vaccine, mRNA, viral vector, inactivated vaccine, protein subunit, efficacy, immunogenicity, safety, variants.
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has infected over 324 million people and caused more than 5.53 million deaths globally, creating an unprecedented health and economic crisis. The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 has accelerated the need for effective vaccines to control emerging variants. Various pharmaceutical companies, including Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, Novavax, Sinovac, and Covishield, have developed vaccines using different platforms such as mRNA, viral vectors, inactivated viruses, and protein subunits. This review assesses the comparative efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of major COVID-19 vaccines through an analysis of randomized controlled trials and large-scale observational studies published between 2020 and 2024. It highlights global vaccination approaches, their real-world effectiveness, and responses against novel variants. The study also discusses technological advancements like AI systems, nanotechnology-based delivery methods, and trained immunity strategies aimed at improving vaccine development. Overall, the review consolidates evidence on vaccine performance, antibody and T-cell responses, durability of protection, and adaptability to emerging variants, thereby contributing to the understanding of global vaccination strategies against COVID-19.
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How To Cite (APA)
Abhilasha Ratan Mane & Sakshi Prashant Baviskar (November-2025). Types and Comparative performance of COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systemic review of Clinical Trials and Comparative Study(excluding case reports). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 10(11), b162-b168. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2511122.pdf
Issue
Volume 10 Issue 11, November-2025
Pages : b162-b168
Other Publication Details
Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_310376
Published Paper Id: IJNRD2511122
Research Area: Pharmacy All
Author Type: Indian Author
Country: Tal.Chopda ,Dist. Jalgoan, Maharashtra, India
Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2511122.pdf
Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2511122
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