Paper Title
COURTS, CADRES, AND COMPLIANCE: THE POLITICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENFORCEMENT IN INDIA AND CHINA
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Registration ID: IJNRD_309269
Published ID: IJNRD2510179
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Keywords
India-China, PIL, Judicial Environmentalism, Environmental Governance, Comparative law, Enforcement, Governance
Abstract
Environmental harm in the Global South has become increasingly severe, with India and China grappling with significant issues even though they possess comprehensive environmental legislation. This study presents a comparative examination of how these laws are enforced, concentrating on three key dimensions: judicial and administrative approaches, the function of regional and local institutions, and how governance frameworks influence adherence. India follows a participatory model rooted in rights-based principles, where courts and public interest litigation play a central role. This approach encourages civic involvement and legal activism, yet its effectiveness is often hindered by administrative slowdowns and inconsistent enforcement across states. On the other hand, China operates through a top-down, performance-focused framework aimed at swift implementation. While this system delivers quick results, it frequently falls short in terms of openness, citizen engagement, and long-term institutional responsibility. Based on case studies and a review of institutional practices, this research finds that neither country consistently enforces its environmental laws effectively. India demonstrates a vibrant legal culture but struggles with practical enforcement, whereas China achieves measurable outcomes but with minimal democratic checks. The study suggests a hybrid model that merges India’s participatory legal system with China’s streamlined administrative efficiency. It recommends strengthening local institutions, improving transparency, and fostering deeper international cooperation. In the end, this paper contends that the success of environmental regulation hinges not so much on legal provisions or available resources, but on the credibility of institutions, the mechanisms ensuring accountability, and the ability to respond flexibly to dynamic and multifaceted environmental issues.
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How To Cite (APA)
JASMINE SHARMA & ABHISHEK CHATTERJEE (October-2025). COURTS, CADRES, AND COMPLIANCE: THE POLITICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENFORCEMENT IN INDIA AND CHINA. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 10(10), b674-b681. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2510179.pdf
Issue
Volume 10 Issue 10, October-2025
Pages : b674-b681
Other Publication Details
Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_309269
Published Paper Id: IJNRD2510179
Research Area: Social Science All
Author Type: Indian Author
Country: DELHI, DELHI, India
Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2510179.pdf
Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2510179
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