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Paper Title

Corporate Criminal Responsibility in the Context of Sexual Violence Crimes in Indonesia: A Legal Analysis

Article Identifiers

Registration ID: IJNRD_309800

Published ID: IJNRD2510103

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Keywords

Corporate, criminal, responsibility, sexual violence, justice-based approach, Indonesia

Abstract

Corporate criminal responsibility represents one of the most significant evolutions in modern criminal law. Historically, Indonesia’s criminal justice system, inherited from the Dutch Wetboek van Strafrecht, recognized only individuals as subjects of criminal law, adhering to the classical doctrine societas delinquere non potest a corporation cannot commit a crime. However, the growing influence of corporations in economic and social spheres has exposed their potential role in facilitating or concealing criminal acts, including environmental violations, corruption, and sexual violence. The problem addressed in this study is the limited application and enforcement of corporate criminal liability in Indonesia, particularly concerning sexual violence within institutional or organizational settings, despite the existence of Law No. 1 of 2023 on the Criminal Code and Law No. 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes. The main objective is to analyze the doctrinal foundations, enforcement challenges, and justice-based implications of holding corporations accountable for sexual violence offenses under Indonesian law. Employing a normative juridical methodology with descriptive-analytical and comparative approaches, the study examines statutory instruments, court decisions, and legal doctrines, including the principles of mens rea, vicarious liability, and identification theory. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s legal framework has formally recognized corporate criminal responsibility but still faces conceptual and procedural ambiguities, especially in attributing intent (mens rea) to corporations for crimes of a personal nature. Enforcement remains inconsistent due to weak prosecutorial mechanisms, absence of judicial precedents, and limited institutional coordination. Nonetheless, recent reforms particularly Articles 45 and 48 of Law No. 1 of 2023 and Article 18 of Law No. 12 of 2022 signify a transformative shift toward institutional accountability and gender-sensitive justice. In conclusion, effective corporate liability for sexual violence requires harmonization of overlapping laws, clearer doctrinal interpretation of mens rea, stronger enforcement capacity, and victim-centred mechanisms. Integrating preventive compliance systems, ethical governance, and restorative justice principles will ensure that corporate accountability contributes to fairness, deterrence, and the protection of human dignity within Indonesia’s evolving criminal justice framework.

How To Cite (APA)

Junisar Rudi Anto Silalahi, Anis Mashadurohatun, Sri Endah Wahyuningsih, Muhammad Dias Saktiawan, & Ahmed Kheir Osman (October-2025). Corporate Criminal Responsibility in the Context of Sexual Violence Crimes in Indonesia: A Legal Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 10(10), b11-b25. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2510103.pdf

Other Publication Details

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_309800

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2510103

Research Area: Science and Technology

Author Type: Indian Author

Country: -, -, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2510103.pdf

Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2510103

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Publication Timeline

Paper Submission
07-10-2025
Peer Review
Through Scholar9.com Platform
Paper Acceptance
12-10-2025
Paper Publication
15-10-2025

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