Green Economy and Sustainable Business Models for the 21st Century: Gandhian Approaches

Registration ID: IJNRD_308942

Published ID: IJNRD2508159

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S. Ramaswamy, V. Kaveri, S. Arun, Dilsha Selvakumar

Green Economy, Circular Economy, Sustainable Business Models, Gandhian Business Model.

The transition to a green economy represents one of the most profound paradigm shifts of the 21st century, driven by the urgent need to combat climate change, resource depletion, and social inequality. A green economy seeks to enhance human well-being and equity while reducing ecological risks, moving beyond the linear “take-make-dispose” model toward circular economy principles, resource efficiency, and renewable energy adoption. Sustainable business models serve as the operational framework that allows companies to balance profitability with environmental stewardship and social responsibility. Evidence from case studies shows that forward-looking firms are successfully adopting triple bottom line strategies, demonstrating that sustainability enhances competitiveness and long-term value. Circular models, collaborative consumption, and decentralised production illustrate how economic growth can align with ecological preservation and social inclusion. This transition is supported by regulatory pressures, growing consumer demand for ethical products, and technological advances in clean energy, digital platforms, and materials science. Yet, barriers such as high upfront costs, financing constraints for SMEs, inconsistent metrics, and risks of greenwashing remain. Overcoming these challenges requires robust government action, including financial incentives, regulation, public–private partnerships, and globally coordinated frameworks. Emerging technologies like AI, blockchain, and IoT can further advance transparency, efficiency, and sustainability monitoring. The green economy is not only an ecological necessity but also a major economic opportunity, requiring collective action from businesses, governments, and civil society. Importantly, Gandhian principles of simplicity, self-reliance, and ethical economics provide enduring relevance for sustainable business models. Gandhi’s concepts of sarvodaya (welfare of all), swadeshi (self-sufficiency), and aparigraha (non-possession) offer a moral and practical foundation for enterprises seeking to harmonise profit with social and ecological imperatives. While challenges of scalability and competitiveness persist, Gandhian approaches offer viable pathways toward regenerative economies grounded in justice, ethics, and ecological balance.

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S. Ramaswamy, V. Kaveri, S. Arun, & Dilsha Selvakumar (August-2025). Green Economy and Sustainable Business Models for the 21st Century: Gandhian Approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 10(8), b496-b514. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2508159.pdf

Volume 10 Issue 8, August-2025

Pages : b496-b514

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_308942

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2508159

Research Area: Science and Technology

Author Type: Indian Author

Country: -, -, India

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