ANALYSIS OF THE WATER QUALITY OF DAL LAKE USING GIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF RESTORATION ZONES

Registration ID: IJNRD_226924

Published ID: IJNRD2408332

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Sukalpaa Chaki, Yameen Mir

water Pollution, water quality, sewage, human settlement, restoration

Background: Lakes worldwide are experiencing degradation, including Dal Lake in Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Known for its beauty and cultural importance, Dal Lake's water quality has deteriorated over the past forty years due to human activities. The lake is home to over 50,000 residents living on houseboats and islands and supports various livelihoods such as tourism, agriculture, fishing, and vegetable farming. Aims: This study aims to examine different regions of Dal Lake to assess its physical and chemical parameters. Using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) technique and ArcGIS software, maps were generated to identify areas deviating from Indian norms and those in need of restoration and pollution mitigations stressing the importance of protecting micro watersheds and catchments. Results: The analysis revealed that the lake's pH levels ranged from 7.6 to 8.4, indicating an alkaline nature. Conductivity varied, with Nigeen showing high saltwater levels at 390 mg/l. Alkalinity surpassed the permissible limit of 120 mg/l, attributed to sewage and waste disposal. Chloride concentrations ranged from 18.2 mg/l to 30 mg/l, suggesting potential organic contamination. Ammoniacal nitrogen levels were higher near the Nigeen Basin, at 0.603 mg/l, essential for plant and algae growth. Dissolved oxygen concentrations fluctuated seasonally, ranging from 5 mg/l to 9 mg/l. The biological oxygen demand indicated a eutrophic lake, with levels from 2 mg/l to 5 mg/l, increasing during the summer. Calcium levels fell below the BIS limits (35 mg/l to 55 mg/l), while magnesium concentrations ranged from 7 mg/l to 29 mg/l. Sulphate levels (17 mg/l to 62 mg/l) were influenced by acid rain and coal-burning activities. Algal blooms were observed, linked to chloride and nitrate levels, indicating nutrient enhancement and insufficient water flushing. High planktonic hardness showed seasonal variations. The study highlighted the interconnections among the parameters and proposed three pairs for further validation based on universal properties. Conclusion The study of Dal Lake reveals significant water quality issues, such as high alkalinity, organic contamination, and nutrient enhancement causing algal blooms. These problems are mainly due to sewage and waste disposal, acid rain, and coal-burning activities. The results from the IDW technique and ArcGIS software emphasize the urgent need for restoration efforts to protect vulnerable areas. Prompt intervention is crucial to restore the lake's ecological balance and preserve its cultural and aesthetic value. Keyword: water Pollution, water quality, sewage, human settlement, restoration

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Sukalpaa Chaki & Yameen Mir (August-2024). ANALYSIS OF THE WATER QUALITY OF DAL LAKE USING GIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF RESTORATION ZONES. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 9(8), d267-d279. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2408332.pdf

Volume 9 Issue 8, August-2024

Pages : d267-d279

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_226924

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2408332

Research Area: Civil Engineering 

Author Type: Indian Author

Country: Mayur Vihar extension Phase -1, East, Delhi, India

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