“ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF HAND HYGIENE WITH OR WITHOUT ALCOHOL BASE IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SETTING IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL IN RURAL INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT ORGANIZMS (MDRO’S)”

Registration ID: IJNRD_225220

Published ID: IJNRD2407222

DOI: Click Here to Get

Pavel , Dr. Sanjeev R. Saigal , (Maj.) Dr. Molly Madan

Hand hygiene, Nosocomial infections, Multidrug resistant organisms(MDRO’s), Medical professionals, Antimicrobial efficacy, Patient care.

Introduction: Hygiene, tracing its etymology back to the Greek deity of health, Hygeia, serves as a cornerstone of modern healthcare. Its critical role in preventing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is widely acknowledged and supported by robust evidence. Hand hygiene, in particular, stands as a sentinel against the transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings, endorsed by leading authorities including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Within the complex ecosystem of healthcare worker hands, a dynamic interplay between resident and transient flora shapes the landscape of infection control. As debates persist regarding the most effective hand hygiene practices, this study embarks on a quest to evaluate the comparative efficacy of various methods, illuminating a path toward enhanced patient safety and healthcare quality Materials and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional experimental study assessed the efficacy of hand hygiene methods in reducing microbial flora. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional committee, and 50 participants actively took part. Microbial samples were collected before and after hand hygiene interventions, including alcohol-based hand sanitizers, traditional handwashing, and surgical hand scrub. Colony-forming units (CFU) were quantified on blood agar, Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), and MacConkey agar. Data analysis utilized Microsoft Excel for percentage reductions, and bacterial identification followed standard protocols Results: Mean reductions in colony-forming units (CFU) were 64.89% on blood agar, 60.95% on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), and 69.19% on MacConkey agar. The study demonstrated significant reductions in CFU after hand hygiene practices across all groups.Candida albicans was the predominant species, with alcohol-based hand sanitizer showing 82.4% reduction and traditional handwashing showing 73.4% reduction. Gram-positive cocci, mainly Staphylococcus aureus, constituted a significant portion, with 71.42% being MSSA and 42.8% being MRSA. Surgical hand scrub showed 92% efficacy against both MSSA and MRSA, while alcohol-based hand sanitizer showed 86% reduction for MSSA and 71.2% reduction for MRSA. Conclusion: This study underscores the paramount importance of effective hand hygiene practices in healthcare settings. While surgical hand scrub proved most effective in reducing microbial flora, alcohol-based hand sanitizers and traditional handwashing also demonstrated significant efficacy. Addressing the issue of misleading advertisements regarding hand hygiene products is crucial for maintaining transparency and ensuring public health. Comprehensive hand hygiene protocols, coupled with regulatory oversight, are vital for minimizing the risk of nosocomial infections and enhancing patient safety in healthcare environments.

Published Paper   E-Certificate

Pavel, Dr. Sanjeev R. Saigal, & (Maj.) Dr. Molly Madan (July-2024). “ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF HAND HYGIENE WITH OR WITHOUT ALCOHOL BASE IN MEDICAL AND SURGICAL SETTING IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL IN RURAL INDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT ORGANIZMS (MDRO’S)”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 9(7), c244-c249. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2407222.pdf

Volume 9 Issue 7, July-2024

Pages : c244-c249

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_225220

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2407222

Downloads: 000121985

Research Area: Medical Science

Country: Dhouj, Faridabad, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2407222.pdf

Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2407222

Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT(IJNRD)

ISSN: 2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016

An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator

Publisher: IJNRD (IJ Publication) Janvi Wave | IJNRD.ORG | IJNRD.COM | IJPUB.ORG

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License and The Open Definition

Call For Paper - Volume 10 | Issue 10 | October 2025

IJNRD is a Scholarly Open Access, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journal with a High Impact Factor of 8.76 (calculated by Google Scholar & Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool). It is a Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Low-Cost Journal that follows UGC CARE 2025 Peer-Reviewed Journal Policy norms, Scopus journal standards, and Transparent Peer Review practices to ensure quality and credibility. IJNRD provides indexing in all major databases & metadata repositories, a citation generator, and Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for every published article with full open-access visibility.

The INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJNRD) aims to advance applied, theoretical, and experimental research across diverse fields. Its goal is to promote global scientific information exchange among researchers, developers, engineers, academicians, and practitioners. IJNRD serves as a platform where educators and professionals can share research evidence, models of best practice, and innovative ideas, contributing to academic growth and industry relevance.

Indexing Coverage includes Google Scholar, SSRN, ResearcherID-Publons, Semantic Scholar (AI-Powered Research Tool), Microsoft Academic, Academia.edu, arXiv.org, ResearchGate, CiteSeerX, ResearcherID (Thomson Reuters), Mendeley, DocStoc, ISSUU, Scribd, and many more recognized academic repositories.

How to submit the paper?

By Our website

Click Here to Submit Paper Online

By Mail

Send your paper to editor@ijnrd.org

Important Dates for Current issue

Paper Submission Open For: October 2025

Current Issue: Volume 10 | Issue 10 | October 2025

Impact Factor: 8.76

Last Date for Paper Submission: Till 31-Oct-2025

Notification of Review Result: Within 1-2 Days after Submitting paper.

Publication of Paper: Within 01-02 Days after Submititng documents.

Frequency: Monthly (12 issue Annually).

Journal Type: IJNRD is an International Peer-reviewed, Refereed, and Open Access Journal with Transparent Peer Review as per the new UGC CARE 2025 guidelines, offering low-cost multidisciplinary publication with Crossref DOI and global indexing.

Subject Category: Research Area

Call for Paper: More Details