Clinical and Epidemiological Perspectives on Salmonella Typhimurium: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Antibiotic Resistance, and Public Health Implications

Registration ID: IJNRD_224687

Published ID: IJNRD2407085

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Bushra Anjum, Shikha Mishra , Prince Maurya , Kishan Singh, Rohit Yadav

Salmonella Typhimurium • Pathogenesis • Virulence factors • Host-pathogen interactions • Antibiotic resistance • Epidemiology

Salmonella Typhimurium is a prominent pathogen causing numerous foodborne illnesses worldwide. This gram-negative bacterium is a subspecies of Salmonella enterica. Unlike typhoid fever, which is caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi, S. Typhimurium is often transmitted through contaminated food and water. The resulting infection, called salmonellosis, manifests with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, typically within 6 to 72 hours after consumption. In severe cases, the infection can lead to invasive diseases like bacteremia and meningitis, posing significant risks to immunocompromised individuals, infants, and the elderly. The virulence of S. Typhimurium is primarily due to its various virulence factors, including adhesins, invasins, and toxins. These elements facilitate the bacterium's ability to attach to and invade epithelial cells, survive within host cells, and evade immune defenses. To confirm typhoid fever, isolating S. Typhi from bone marrow or blood cultures is the most reliable method. For diagnostic purposes, combining the Widal test with culturing S. Typhi from stool samples is commonly practiced. Recent advancements in genomic and proteomic technologies have enabled the identification of potential targets for new therapeutic and preventive measures, such as vaccines and antimicrobial agents. Controlling S. Typhimurium infections involves enhancing food safety practices, strengthening surveillance systems, and raising public awareness about correct food handling and preparation methods. Ongoing research is crucial to develop effective interventions and lessen the global impact of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella Typhimurium.

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Bushra Anjum, Shikha Mishra , Prince Maurya , Kishan Singh, & Rohit Yadav (July-2024). Clinical and Epidemiological Perspectives on Salmonella Typhimurium: A Comprehensive Review of Pathogenesis, Antibiotic Resistance, and Public Health Implications. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 9(7), a307-a320. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2407085.pdf

Volume 9 Issue 7, July-2024

Pages : a307-a320

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_224687

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2407085

Downloads: 000122255

Research Area: Pharmacy

Author Type: Indian Author

Country: Jaunpur , , utter Pradesh , India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2407085.pdf

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