Paper Title
FAMILY PLANNING AND CONTRACEPTIVES: PERCEPTION OF DISCOMFORTS
Article Identifiers
Authors
BALA P. BULUS , WANDAJE HANNATU , ANTHONY J UKWUMONU
Keywords
family planning, contraceptive, and perception
Abstract
It remains unclear what proportion of women experience discomfort among those who use contraceptive methods, as well as which specific contraceptive methods are associated with side effects, leading to misconceptions and perceptions about contraceptive methods and contributing to the unwillingness to use contraceptives despite being generally aware of contraceptive methods. The research objectives were to determine the criteria for administering contraceptives and the accompanying tests, explore the reasons behind the varying reactions of women to contraceptives, and investigate the potential correlation between inconveniences related to contraceptive usage and blood group type. The primary data used consisted of 200 married women from five selected primary health care centers in Yola, North Adamawa State, Nigeria, who volunteered to use various contraceptive methods. The contraceptive methods administered include Jadelle, Exluton, Implanon, Sayana, Noristerat, Levonorgestrel, Microlut, and Depo-Provera. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed, involving thematic analysis of relevant documents and interviews for data analysis. Blood group testing is not considered a criterion before administering contraceptive methods. Of the participants, 106 women did not experience any discomfort, while 68 women experienced discomfort with all the methods administered. The discomfort experienced by women was analysed based on their blood groups, revealing that certain discomforts were more prevalent among specific blood groups for different contraceptive methods. The results indicate that the majority of women using contraceptives do not experience discomfort. However, for those who do, the nature of discomfort varies across different methods and blood types. Thus, the unwillingness to use contraceptives can be attributed to the negative perceptions of a few women who experienced discomfort, the spread of misconceptions about contraceptives and thereby the discouragement of other women based on their experiences.
Downloads
How To Cite (APA)
BALA P. BULUS, WANDAJE HANNATU, & ANTHONY J UKWUMONU (April-2024). FAMILY PLANNING AND CONTRACEPTIVES: PERCEPTION OF DISCOMFORTS. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 9(4), h180-h191. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2404723.pdf
Issue
Volume 9 Issue 4, April-2024
Pages : h180-h191
Other Publication Details
Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_216894
Published Paper Id: IJNRD2404723
Downloads: 000121987
Research Area: Health ScienceÂ
Country: Yola, ADAMAWA, Nigeria
Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2404723.pdf
Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2404723
About Publisher
Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT(IJNRD)
ISSN: 2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator
Publisher: IJNRD (IJ Publication) Janvi Wave | IJNRD.ORG | IJNRD.COM | IJPUB.ORG
Licence
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License and The Open Definition


Publication Timeline
Article Preview: View Full Paper
Call For Paper
IJNRD is a Scholarly Open Access, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journal with a High Impact Factor of 8.76 (calculated by Google Scholar & Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool). It is a Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Low-Cost Journal that follows UGC CARE 2025 Peer-Reviewed Journal Policy norms, Scopus journal standards, and Transparent Peer Review practices to ensure quality and credibility. IJNRD provides indexing in all major databases & metadata repositories, a citation generator, and Digital Object Identifier (DOI) for every published article with full open-access visibility.
The INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJNRD) aims to advance applied, theoretical, and experimental research across diverse fields. Its goal is to promote global scientific information exchange among researchers, developers, engineers, academicians, and practitioners. IJNRD serves as a platform where educators and professionals can share research evidence, models of best practice, and innovative ideas, contributing to academic growth and industry relevance.
Indexing Coverage includes Google Scholar, SSRN, ResearcherID-Publons, Semantic Scholar (AI-Powered Research Tool), Microsoft Academic, Academia.edu, arXiv.org, ResearchGate, CiteSeerX, ResearcherID (Thomson Reuters), Mendeley, DocStoc, ISSUU, Scribd, and many more recognized academic repositories.
How to submit the paper?
By Our website
Click Here to Submit Paper Online
Important Dates for Current issue
Paper Submission Open For: October 2025
Current Issue: Volume 10 | Issue 10 | October 2025
Impact Factor: 8.76
Last Date for Paper Submission: Till 31-Oct-2025
Notification of Review Result: Within 1-2 Days after Submitting paper.
Publication of Paper: Within 01-02 Days after Submititng documents.
Frequency: Monthly (12 issue Annually).
Journal Type: IJNRD is an International Peer-reviewed, Refereed, and Open Access Journal with Transparent Peer Review as per the new UGC CARE 2025 guidelines, offering low-cost multidisciplinary publication with Crossref DOI and global indexing.
Subject Category: Research Area
Call for Paper: More Details