Comparative Analysis of Nutritional, Anti-Nutritional and Heavy Metal Composition of Fresh and Smoked Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) From Hadejia River, Jigawa Sate. Nigeria.

Registration ID: IJNRD_217178

Published ID: IJNRD2404250

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Hafsat Idowu Kutelu Usman , Nafisat Muhammad Danyaro , Abdu Umar Adamu , Abubakar Tahir Musa , Abdulmumin Yunusa

Key words: Quality nutrients, unsaturated fatty acid, Clarias gariepinus, consumers and heavy metals.

Abstract Fish are good sources of quality nutrients such as protein, unsaturated fatty acids, important minerals and vitamins. Fresh fish requires preservation to increase their shelf life and requires a number of processing techniques for human consumption and safety. This research aimed at comparative analysis of nutritional, antinutritional and heavy metal composition of fresh and smoked catfish (Clarias gariepinus) caught from Hadejia River, Jigawa state. The experimental result was compared with recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and maximum permissible limit of intake (MPI) / tolerable upper intake level (UL) to ensure consumer safety and healthy living. The research adopted standard scientifical methods for the analysis of the samples. The result on proximate composition showed a significant different in concentration based on moisture, ash, crude fibre and carbohydrate between the smoked and fresh fish at P < 0.05. The content of fat, protein, moisture and crude fiber is found to be higher in fresh fish than in smoked fish. The result on metals indicated that concentration of Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) significantly differs at P < 0.05. Zn, Fe, Mg and Hg were higher in fresh than in smoked fish, and in contrast, calcium was significantly higher in smoked than in fresh catfish. The result on vitamin contents revealed high constituent of vitamin A, vitamin B1, B2 and vitamin C in fresh than in smoked C. gariepinus and the smoked fish contained higher concentration of vitamin B3 and B9. Antinutrients analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the concentration of tannin and cyanide (HCN) in the fish samples at P < 0.05. Tannin was significantly higher in smoked than in fresh fish. Flavonoids were slightly higher (Mean=4.864mg) in fresh than in smoked (Mean=4.854mg) catfish. In comparison with RDA, C. gariepinus contained daily value (DV) of 25% and 20% of energy for adolescents and adults respectively. It contained adequate protein (18.51%), fat (24.89%), carbohydrate (45.31%), thiamine (1.2 mg) and riboflavin (1.8mg). The Ca (32.69mg), Mg (8.4mg), Fe (0.64mg) and Zn (0.41mg) contents in the fish were low compared to their respective RDA. In contrary Hg (Mean=0.055mg), Pb (Mean=0.124mg) and Cd (Mean=0.025) conc. exceeded their respective MPI. The mean conc. of phytate (4.511mg), Cyanide (1.536mg), Oxalate (7.131mg) and Tannin (21.606mg) was low compared to their respective UL (mg/day) of 100-400, 50-60, 200-300 and 0-0.6mg/kg body weight. This research revealed that, both fresh and smoked catfish are of good nutritional source, however the fresh catfish is higher in nutritional quality than the smoked. Therefore, the consumers should be encouraged to consume more fresh fish than smoked fish. Heavy metals are hazardous to health, therefore, the consumers of C. gariepinus caught from Hadejia river should always apply appropriate and adequate processing and preparation to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in the fish for safe consumption.

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Hafsat Idowu Kutelu Usman, Nafisat Muhammad Danyaro, Abdu Umar Adamu, Abubakar Tahir Musa, & Abdulmumin Yunusa (April-2024). Comparative Analysis of Nutritional, Anti-Nutritional and Heavy Metal Composition of Fresh and Smoked Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) From Hadejia River, Jigawa Sate. Nigeria. . INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 9(4), c182-c198. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2404250.pdf

Volume 9 Issue 4, April-2024

Pages : c182-c198

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_217178

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2404250

Downloads: 000121987

Research Area: Science & Technology

Country: Kazaure, Jigawa State, Nigeria

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2404250.pdf

Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2404250

Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT(IJNRD)

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