Impact of Chemical Contamination on surface and groundwater Resources in Sub-Himsalayas and Lesser-Himalayas through rock and soil Leachates and untreated Waste Disposal in Water: A Case Study.

Registration ID: IJNRD_213039

Published ID: IJNRD2401303

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muhammad arshad khan, Azka AK, Areena AK, Lyabha Abid

Abstract: The contamination sources in Sub-Himalayas and Lesser-Himalayas are landfill leachates , waste disposal from hospitals, sewage from hospitals, homes, cities, leakages from under ground septic tanks, waste material dumped on ground surface, chemicals from agriculture, pesticides, effluent from chemical industries, the soils and rocks. The main source of river water is melting of glaciers on mountains. The second source is rain water. The rain water percolate in soil and get excess to aquifer. People get this water for drinking through springs. The water coming through rocks leach chemical [hazardous toxic ]elements and absorb gases , like Ca, Mg, K, Na, CU, Pb, Mn, CU, Zn, Hg, Ar, SO4, CO3, NO3, NO2, CO2. and contaminate drinking water. Similarly, the water coming from soil as springs is used for drinking. Alternate sources are ponds, lakes and rivers. Contamination of water is an international problem. As a case study 500 water samples were collected from springs, Nalas, lakes, ponds, rivers, rock and soil leachates and tested for routine and toxic hazardous elements. The leachates contamination is a big risk for health. The toxic elements move to ground water and contaminate surface water. The samples collected were analyzed for chemical contamination of water in Himalayas. In addition more than 100 patients were selected for blood tests and 1000 reports were thoroughly investigated for water borne diseases. It was found that in those areas where water is contaminated, 15% patients get cancer, 25% heart diseases, 20% stomach pains, 10% neurological problems, 40% bone diseases, 10 % intestine injuries, 20 % neurological system failure. The parasite giardia lamblia, identified in 30% cases. Viral in 15%, bacterium E-Coli in 7%. In the outbreak of E-Coli 40 % peoples were hospitalized and 20 % died. Five hundred people were ill with severe intestinel distress, other flue like symptoms, weakness, aches, and pain. At least 4000 people were died from 2012-2021. More were HIV positive. The disease was treated as cryptosporidium. The chemical and microbiological agents adversely affecting the quality of ground and surface water. Waste disposal from hospitals, land applications, animal wastes, septic tanks, sewage, organic wastes, toxic hazardous wastes leachates and petroleum products affect water quality in the area of study. Chemical contamination in stream water and spring water exceeds the recommend limits. The WHO Guidelines [ 2001-2021]. Guidelines for water are Cd < 0.03 mg/l, Hg 0.001 mg/l, Pb < 0.01 mg/l, As < 0.01 mg/l, Cr < 0.05 mg/l, CN < 0.07 mg/l, NO3,NO2 <50 mg/l, Zn < 5 mg/l, CU < 1 MG/L, Cl < 250 mg/l. The chemical values in Azad Kashmir and Punjab Pakistan are higher than recommended values.

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muhammad arshad khan, Azka AK, Areena AK, & Lyabha Abid (January-2024). Impact of Chemical Contamination on surface and groundwater Resources in Sub-Himsalayas and Lesser-Himalayas through rock and soil Leachates and untreated Waste Disposal in Water: A Case Study.. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 9(1), d17-d27. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2401303.pdf

Volume 9 Issue 1, January-2024

Pages : d17-d27

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_213039

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2401303

Research Area: Health Science 

Author Type: Foreign Author

Country: rawalpindi, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan

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