Paper Title
Profitability and Constraints of Apple cultivation in Chak district of Wardak province in Afghanistan
Article Identifiers
: Keywords
Cost and returns of Apple, constraints of apple production, Chak district, Wardak province, Afghanistan.
Abstract
Apple is commercially grown fruit crop and it is popular due to its wide range of adaptability and high nutritive value. The study was undertaken in Chak district of Wardak province in Afghanistan to examine the profitability of apple production and constraints faced by farmers in cultivation. Random sampling technique was applied for selecting sixty farmers and were Interviewed using thoroughly prepared and dually evaluated questionnaire. The cost and returns of apple cultivation has estimated. The Garret ranking technique was adopted to rank the constraints faced by the apple cultivars. The total establishment cost which is calculated for five years from transplanting of apple is 4,66,249 AFG per ha. The variable and fixed cost incurred in establishing an apple garden is 2,23,832 AFG which is accounted for 48.01 per cent of total cost per ha, and 2,42,416 AFG i.e., 51.99 per cent of fixed cost per ha. Among the five years of establishment cost, the highest cost has incurred in the primary year, i.e., 1,34,437 AFG. The annual maintenance cost per ha is 1,40,489 AFG. The variable and fixed cost incurred in maintenance of an apple garden is 72,199 AFG with (51.39 %) and 68,290 AFG (48.61 %) per ha, respectively. The average yield across the nation reached 9.1 tons per hectare in 2019. In my study area, the average yield currently stands at 12.5 tonnes per hectare. Similarly, the return obtained over cost of cultivation by sample apple grower is 1,11,858.3 AFG per ha. The returns per Afghani of total cost of cultivation in apple garden is 1.8 and return per Afghani of variable cost is 3.5. Major constraint of apple production in study area is low price with a mean Garrett score 67.75 followed by no access to credit with 57.21. Major marketing constraints faced by sample respondents is no cold storage facility with a Garrett score of 64.24 followed by poor transportation facility with a mean score of 63.79.
Downloads
How To Cite (APA)
Fahimullah Wardak, Dr. Lokesha, H., Dr. M. N. Venkataramana, Dr. Mahin Sharif , & Khalandar.S (January-2024). Profitability and Constraints of Apple cultivation in Chak district of Wardak province in Afghanistan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 9(1), b695-b708. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2401180.pdf
Issue
Volume 9 Issue 1, January-2024
Pages : b695-b708
Other Publication Details
Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_212488
Published Paper Id: IJNRD2401180
Downloads: 000122256
Research Area: Science
Author Type: Indian Author
Country: Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2401180.pdf
Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2401180
About Publisher
Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT(IJNRD)
UGC CARE JOURNAL PUBLICATION | ISSN: 2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016
An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator
Publisher: IJNRD (IJ Publication) Janvi Wave | IJNRD.ORG | IJNRD.COM | IJPUB.ORG
Copyright & License
© 2025 — Authors hold the copyright of this article. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. and The Open Definition.
You are free to share, adapt, and redistribute the material, provided proper credit is given to the original author. 🛡️ Disclaimer: The content, data, and findings in this article are based on the authors’ research and have been peer-reviewed for academic purposes only. Readers are advised to verify all information before practical or commercial use. The journal and its editorial board are not liable for any errors, losses, or consequences arising from its use.
Publication Timeline
Article Preview: View Full Paper
Call For Paper
IJNRD is a Scholarly Open Access, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, and UGC CARE Journal Publication with a High Impact Factor of 8.76 (calculated by Google Scholar & Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool). It is a Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Low-Cost, and Transparent Peer Review Journal Publication that adheres to the UGC CARE 2025 Peer-Reviewed Journal Policy and aligns with Scopus Journal Publication standards to ensure the highest level of research quality and credibility.
IJNRD offers comprehensive Journal Publication Services including indexing in all major databases and metadata repositories, Digital Object Identifier (Crossref DOI) assignment for each published article with additional fees, citation generation tools, and full Open Access visibility to enhance global research reach and citation impact.
The INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJNRD) aims to advance applied, theoretical, and experimental research across diverse academic and professional fields. The journal promotes global knowledge exchange among researchers, developers, academicians, engineers, and practitioners, serving as a trusted platform for innovative, peer-reviewed journal publication and scientific collaboration.
Indexing Coverage: Google Scholar, SSRN, ResearcherID-Publons, Semantic Scholar (AI-Powered Research Tool), Microsoft Academic, Academia.edu, arXiv.org, ResearchGate, CiteSeerX, ResearcherID (Thomson Reuters), Mendeley, DocStoc, ISSUU, Scribd, and many other recognized academic repositories.
How to submit the paper?
By Our website
Click Here to Submit Paper Online
You can now publish your research in IJNRD. IJNRD is a Transparent Peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal Publication (Refereed Journal), aligning with New UGC and UGC CARE recommendations.
For more details, refer to the official notice: UGC Public Notice
Submit Paper Online
Important Dates for Current issue
Paper Submission Open For: December 2025
Current Issue: Volume 10 | Issue 12 | December 2025
Impact Factor: 8.76
Last Date for Paper Submission: Till 31-Dec-2025
Notification of Review Result: Within 1-2 Days after Submitting paper.
Publication of Paper: Within 01-02 Days after Submititng documents.
Frequency: Monthly (12 issue Annually).
Journal Type: IJNRD is an International Peer-reviewed, Refereed, and Open Access Journal with Transparent Peer Review as per the new UGC CARE 2025 guidelines, offering low-cost multidisciplinary publication with Crossref DOI and global indexing.
Subject Category: Research Area
Call for Paper: More Details
Approval, Licenses and Indexing: More Details
