Compliance status on implementation of Initial Environmental Examination of drinking water supply projects in Karnali Province, Nepal

Registration ID: IJNRD_211835

Published ID: IJNRD2401093

: Click Here to Get

Janak Bhattari, Robert Dongol, Bibhusan Kumar Khadka, Ghanshayam Bhandari

Environmental Management Plan, Environment Protection Act, Environment Protection Rule.

The environment assessment system in Nepal has been introduced successfully after the enforcement of Environment Protection Rules (EPR) 1997. The EPR has been amended in 2020. It has further institutionalized the Environmental Assessment processes through the formulation of related regulations, guidelines, criteria's & sectorial policies. The environment assessment is made mandatory for the governmental as well as the private sector development projects those cross the given threshold of the schedules of EPR regulation. Study is carried out in Karnali Province which is located in the Mid-western part of the country. The province consists of different socioeconomically backward communities and disaster vulnerable geographical regions. For compliance status case study of IEE reports, the 6 drinking water supply projects (3 ongoing and 3 completed projects) implemented under Federal Ministry of Water Supply. Both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used, along with multiple data sources to ensure that the conclusions and recommendations were justified, consistent and reflective of the current legal provisions. Compliance Auditing, (Literature review, direct field observation and focused group discussion). To determine and evaluate the level of IEE compliance; IEE reports of selected drinking water supply schemes were reviewed. It was mainly focused on mitigation measures (including enhancement measures for beneficial impacts) proposed in the IEE reports. Along with this, mitigation measures of three main domains of the environment (physical environment, biological environment, and socioeconomic and cultural environment) in the field were assessed. 355 mitigation measures mentioned in IEE reports of 6 drinking water supply projects in the field were assessed. The mitigation measures were assisted through field observation at construction sites and informal interviews with stakeholders. In overall, 144 (40.56%) mitigation measures were found to be compliance (C), 88 (24.79%) were partial compliance (PC) and 123 (34.65%) were noncompliance (NC). In the same way, the pre-construction phase of the project has highest non compliances (40.98%) whereas the mitigation measures in O& M phase has highest compliances (55.26%).As there are no specific published researches on the IEE compliance of DWSS projects, so this study can help to assess the scenario of IEE compliance of drinking water supply projects over the study area and also globally as a case study. More than 40% of the total mitigation measures were fully and 25% were partially implemented in the field. In overall, 65% of mitigation measures were fully or partially implemented, which is higher than the related study conducted in other sector in Nepal. The environmental effects such as: soil erosion and gully formation, alteration of natural surface drainages, degradation of forest areas and effect in flora and fauna, environmental contamination, socio-economic conflicts were raised as a result of such noncompliance.

Published Paper   E-Certificate

Janak Bhattari, Robert Dongol, Bibhusan Kumar Khadka, & Ghanshayam Bhandari (January-2024). Compliance status on implementation of Initial Environmental Examination of drinking water supply projects in Karnali Province, Nepal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 9(1), a816-a822. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2401093.pdf

Volume 9 Issue 1, January-2024

Pages : a816-a822

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_211835

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2401093

Downloads: 000121996

Research Area: Environmental Engineering 

Author Type: Foreign Author

Country: Dailekh, Karnali Province, Nepal

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2401093.pdf

Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2401093

Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT(IJNRD)

UGC CARE JOURNAL PUBLICATION | ISSN: 2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016

An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator

Publisher: IJNRD (IJ Publication) Janvi Wave | IJNRD.ORG | IJNRD.COM | IJPUB.ORG

© 2025 — Authors hold the copyright of this article. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. and The Open Definition.

You are free to share, adapt, and redistribute the material, provided proper credit is given to the original author. 🛡️ Disclaimer: The content, data, and findings in this article are based on the authors’ research and have been peer-reviewed for academic purposes only. Readers are advised to verify all information before practical or commercial use. The journal and its editorial board are not liable for any errors, losses, or consequences arising from its use.

Call For Paper - Volume 10 | Issue 11 | November 2025

IJNRD is a Scholarly Open Access, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, and UGC CARE Journal Publication with a High Impact Factor of 8.76 (calculated by Google Scholar & Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool). It is a Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Low-Cost, and Transparent Peer Review Journal Publication that adheres to the UGC CARE 2025 Peer-Reviewed Journal Policy and aligns with Scopus Journal Publication standards to ensure the highest level of research quality and credibility.

IJNRD offers comprehensive Journal Publication Services including indexing in all major databases and metadata repositories, Digital Object Identifier (Crossref DOI) assignment for each published article with additional fees, citation generation tools, and full Open Access visibility to enhance global research reach and citation impact.

The INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJNRD) aims to advance applied, theoretical, and experimental research across diverse academic and professional fields. The journal promotes global knowledge exchange among researchers, developers, academicians, engineers, and practitioners, serving as a trusted platform for innovative, peer-reviewed journal publication and scientific collaboration.

Indexing Coverage: Google Scholar, SSRN, ResearcherID-Publons, Semantic Scholar (AI-Powered Research Tool), Microsoft Academic, Academia.edu, arXiv.org, ResearchGate, CiteSeerX, ResearcherID (Thomson Reuters), Mendeley, DocStoc, ISSUU, Scribd, and many other recognized academic repositories.

How to submit the paper?

By Our website

Click Here to Submit Paper Online

By Mail

Send your paper to editor@ijnrd.org

You can now publish your research in IJNRD. IJNRD is a Transparent Peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal Publication (Refereed Journal), aligning with New UGC and UGC CARE recommendations.

For more details, refer to the official notice: UGC Public Notice

Submit Paper Online

Important Dates for Current issue

Paper Submission Open For: November 2025

Current Issue: Volume 10 | Issue 11 | November 2025

Impact Factor: 8.76

Last Date for Paper Submission: Till 30-Nov-2025

Notification of Review Result: Within 1-2 Days after Submitting paper.

Publication of Paper: Within 01-02 Days after Submititng documents.

Frequency: Monthly (12 issue Annually).

Journal Type: IJNRD is an International Peer-reviewed, Refereed, and Open Access Journal with Transparent Peer Review as per the new UGC CARE 2025 guidelines, offering low-cost multidisciplinary publication with Crossref DOI and global indexing.

Subject Category: Research Area

Call for Paper: More Details

Approval, Licenses and Indexing: More Details