Chronicles of Influenza A (H3N2): From Diagnosis to Epidemiology, Antigenic Drift, Vaccine Effectiveness & 50-Year Evolutionary Trends.

Chronicles of Influenza A (H3N2): From Diagnosis to Epidemiology, Antigenic Drift, Vaccine Effectiveness & 50-Year Evolutionary Trends.

Registration ID: IJNRD_208324

Published ID: IJNRD2311077

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Bhavana D. Avhad , Dr. Amol Gayke , Rushikesh S. Padghan

Influenza A (H3N2), diagnosis, epidemiology, antigenic drift, vaccine effectiveness, evolutionary trends, influenza virus, viral evolution, influenza surveillance, influenza vaccines, viral mutations, antigenic variation, influenza epidemiology.

Influenza virus types A and B are responsible for major illnesses in humans, with type A being the only virus that causes pandemics due to its surface proteins H and N. H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes of influenza A have caused pandemics in the past, with H3N2 changing rapidly both genetically and antigenically. The review discusses various methods for detecting H3N2 virus, including conventional serological methods, molecular biology, and biosensors, all aimed at improving specificity and sensitivity. Real-time PCR is considered the gold standard test among molecular methods, while biosensors offer simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific detection of H3N2. The review also covers the classification and principles of various H3N2 biosensors The Influenza A (H3N2) virus has been causing significant health issues for over 50 years. Its constant genetic and antigenic changes have made it a challenge to diagnose and control. This review explores the latest diagnostic techniques, including conventional serological methods, molecular biology, and biosensors, with a focus on improving specificity and sensitivity. The article also covers the virus’s epidemiology, including its classification and evolution over the years. Additionally, the review discusses the challenges posed by antigenic drift and how it affects vaccine effectiveness, highlighting the importance of continuous updates to vaccine components. Whether you’re a healthcare professional, researcher, or simply interested in learning about the latest developments in the field, Chronicles of Influenza A (H3N2) offers a comprehensive overview of this fascinating and complex virus.

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"Chronicles of Influenza A (H3N2): From Diagnosis to Epidemiology, Antigenic Drift, Vaccine Effectiveness & 50-Year Evolutionary Trends.", IJNRD - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (www.IJNRD.org), ISSN:2456-4184, Vol.8, Issue 11, page no.a698-a709, November-2023, Available :https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2311077.pdf

Volume 8 Issue 11, November-2023

Pages : a698-a709

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_208324

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2311077

Downloads: 000121217

Research Area: Pharmacy

Country: Nashik, Maharashtra, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2311077.pdf

Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2311077

Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT(IJNRD)

ISSN: 2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016

An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator

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