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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT International Peer Reviewed & Refereed Journals, Open Access Journal ISSN Approved Journal No: 2456-4184 | Impact factor: 8.76 | ESTD Year: 2016 Scholarly open access journals, Peer-reviewed, and Refereed Journals, Impact factor 8.76 (Calculate by google scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool) , Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Indexing in all major database & Metadata, Citation Generator, Digital Object Identifier(DOI) |
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| Paper Title: | Immunological and Virological Outcomes Among People Living with HIV1 or HIV2 subtypes on HIV1-antiretroviral treatment in Njombe and Dar Es salaam region, Tanzania: A Hospital Based Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study |
| Authors Name: | Kigumi Hamimu Omary , Prof. Mmbaga Blandina Theophil , Nyanda Elias, Ntinginya , Olomi Willyhelmina , Vianney John-Marry |
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IJNRD_200736
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| Published Paper Id: | IJNRD2307428 |
| Published In: | Volume 8 Issue 7, July-2023 |
| DOI: | |
| Abstract: | Background: Human immunodeficient Virus type one (HIV-1) and type two (HIV-2) are the two known global HIV types that result in HIV-1+2 dual infection. Despite the proof of HIV-2 and dual infection in Tanzania, the HIV-1 Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) regimen is the only drug used for treatment of both HIV types. This study aimed to determine the virological and immunological response to ART treatment based on the HIV subtypes among the HIV patients who are on HIV-1 ART regimen at the HIV Care and Treatment Center (HCTC) in Njombe and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to December 2021 among 300 HIV patients who were on HIV-1 ART treatment from 2017 to 2021. HIV rapid tests were used to determine the prevalence of HIV subtypes, and FACS and M-PIMATMHIV-1/2 VL were used to determine CD4 T-Cells count and viral loads copies, respectively. Prevalence of HIV subtypes was estimated, and linear regression, an odds ratio (OR), 95% with confidence intervals (CIs), and a p-value ≤0.001 were used to determine the association between HIV subtypes and CD4 and viral load responses. Results: The study recruited 140 (46.7%) men and 160 (53.3%) women. Females had a higher proportion of HIV-1, HIV-2 and HIV1+2 dual infections compared to men. The median (IQR) CD4 count in HIV-1 was 252 (149-497) cells/ml with viral load of 8.21 (3.3) log10 copies/ml compared to HIV-2 with 133 (86-321) cells/mL with viral load of l9.26 (3.4) log10 copies/ml and HIV 1+2 dual infection with CD4 count 210 (140-362) cells/mL with viral load of 8.7 (3.6) log10 copies/participants with HIV-1 subtype had higher CD4+ T cell counts and lower plasma RNA viral loads compared to individual with HIV-2 and or dual infections. Conclusion: This study shows poor immunological and virological outcomes for HIV-2 and dual infection HIV participants as indicated by low CD4 count and high viral load copies during the course of treatment. Therefore, new and safe ART regimens for HIV-2 and dual infections are needed. |
| Keywords: | HIV-1, HIV-2, HIV 1+2 Dual Infection, Regimen, Antirétroviral therapy |
| Cite Article: | "Immunological and Virological Outcomes Among People Living with HIV1 or HIV2 subtypes on HIV1-antiretroviral treatment in Njombe and Dar Es salaam region, Tanzania: A Hospital Based Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study", International Journal of Novel Research and Development (www.ijnrd.org), ISSN:2456-4184, Vol.8, Issue 7, page no.e240-e249, July-2023, Available :http://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2307428.pdf |
| Downloads: | 000118765 |
| ISSN: |
2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar| ESTD YEAR: 2016 An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator |
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Published Paper ID:IJNRD2307428 Registration ID: 200736 Published In: Volume 8 Issue 7, July-2023 DOI (Digital Object Identifier): Page No: e240-e249 Country: Arusha, Arusha, Tanzania Research Area: Health Science Publisher : IJ Publication Published Paper URL : https://www.ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2307428 Published Paper PDF: https://www.ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2307428 |
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