AN UPDATE ON PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

AN UPDATE ON PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Registration ID: IJNRD_202048

Published ID: IJNRD2307312

DOI: Click Here to Get

Dr. Charulata Tushar Nemade , Tejal Mahale , Vishakha Gangwal , Akshada Shinde , Hitesh V. Shahare

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; memory; cholinergic hypothesis; cerebral spinal fluid; Tacrine; antioxidants

ABSTRACT Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative condition, produces growing problems in memory, cognition, and behaviour and ultimately leads in death. In addition to neuronal and synaptic loss, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular senile plaques also develop in the brain as a result of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia, is the only one of the top 10 causes of death in the US for which there is no effective treatment. Numerous studies show that factors such as age, some genetic components, diet, and nutrition all raise the risk of AD. Several hypotheses explain the pathophysiology of AD includingamyloid cascade hypothesis, Tau hypothesis, cholinergic hypothesis, mitochondrial cascade theory, metabolic hypothesis. Genetic factors play a role in the development ofAlzheimer's disease; characterised by insulin/IGF resistance and insufficiency in the brain.In mild Alzheimer's disease patient suffers memory loss that disrupts daily life, losing track of dates or knowing current location etc. while in severe cases patient in unable to communicate, have no awareness of recent experiences or surroundings, increased sleeping, loss of bowel and bladder control etc. Alzheimer's, physicians may use medical history, mental status tests, physical and neurological exams, diagnostic tests and brain imaging to diagnose the disease. Cerebral spinal fluid tests for low beta-amyloid 42 and increased tau is helpful to diagnose preclinical stage AD treatment aims to enhance the patient's functioning and quality of life. Tacrine, donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine are the four medications that have received FDA approval for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this overview, we discuss the various theories regarding its onset, symptoms, and treatments, including cholinesterase inhibitors, beta-amyloid ligands, antioxidants, antipsychotics, novel drug delivery systems, and the effects of diet and exercise on AD.

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"AN UPDATE ON PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE", IJNRD - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (www.IJNRD.org), ISSN:2456-4184, Vol.8, Issue 7, page no.d93-d106, July-2023, Available :https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2307312.pdf

Volume 8 Issue 7, July-2023

Pages : d93-d106

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_202048

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2307312

Downloads: 000121185

Research Area: Pharmacy

Country: Nashik, Maharashtra, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2307312.pdf

Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2307312

Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT(IJNRD)

ISSN: 2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016

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