SPLEEN-CXCL10-EXPRESSION OF Plasmodium berghei ANKA-INFECTED-SWISS MICE TREATED WITH Annona muricata

Registration ID: IJNRD_200923

Published ID: IJNRD2307087

: Click Here to Get

Kis Djamiatun

CXCL10, Annona muricata, Plasmodium berghei ANKA

Severe malaria (SM) including cerebral malaria (CM) contributes in high-number of fatal-cases. Brain-T-helper-(Th)1-cells contribute in developing CM, while spleen-Th1-cells control the acute erythrocytic stage of Plasmodium-infection. Th1-cells is attracted by chemokines such as CXCL10. Experimental CM study using Plasmodium berghei ANKA (PbA) showed that treatment which reduces CXCL10 production associated with reducing systemic and brain inflammation, and subsequent increase survival. Aim of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanolic Annona muricata leaf extract (AME) toward spleen-CXCL10-expression of PbA-infected-Swiss-mice during SM. A randomized post-test-only-control-group-design was performed in this study. Thirty-six Swiss-mice were divided into 6 groups. C(-) group was control healthy mice, and C (+) was inoculated with 107 PbA. X1 and X2 group were healthy mice and received AME 100 and 150 mg/kg BW/day, respectively. X3 and X4 group were inoculated with PbA and treated with one of dose studied. The mice were all terminated at day 7 infection when SM occurred. Parasitemia percentage were not different among the infected groups. Results of Kruskal-Wallis-test showed a significant difference among the studied groups (p = 0.022). Mann-Whitney-U-test showed that the expression of the C(+) group had no significant difference than the C (-) group (p=0.054), however those of the PbA-infected X3 and X4-groups were significantly higher than the C(-) group (p = 0.014 and p = 0.009, respectively). The C(+) group expresses CXCL10 comparable to X3 (p = 0.391) and X4 (p = 0.461). The comparable expression was also found between the X3 and X4 groups (p = 0.537). The conclusion is that the use of ethanolic extracted Annona muricata leaves increases spleen-CXCL10-expression above normal during SM. The boosting of splenic CXCL10 expression of the Annona muricata intervention, has no contribution at the severity of malaria infection.

Published Paper   E-Certificate

Kis Djamiatun (July-2023). SPLEEN-CXCL10-EXPRESSION OF Plasmodium berghei ANKA-INFECTED-SWISS MICE TREATED WITH Annona muricata. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 8(7), a719-a723. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2307087.pdf

Volume 8 Issue 7, July-2023

Pages : a719-a723

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_200923

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2307087

Downloads: 000122011

Research Area: Medical Science

Author Type: Foreign Author

Country: Kota Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2307087.pdf

Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2307087

Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT(IJNRD)

UGC CARE JOURNAL PUBLICATION | ISSN: 2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016

An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator

Publisher: IJNRD (IJ Publication) Janvi Wave | IJNRD.ORG | IJNRD.COM | IJPUB.ORG

© 2025 — Authors hold the copyright of this article. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. and The Open Definition.

You are free to share, adapt, and redistribute the material, provided proper credit is given to the original author. 🛡️ Disclaimer: The content, data, and findings in this article are based on the authors’ research and have been peer-reviewed for academic purposes only. Readers are advised to verify all information before practical or commercial use. The journal and its editorial board are not liable for any errors, losses, or consequences arising from its use.

Call For Paper - Volume 10 | Issue 12 | December 2025

IJNRD is a Scholarly Open Access, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, and UGC CARE Journal Publication with a High Impact Factor of 8.76 (calculated by Google Scholar & Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool). It is a Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Low-Cost, and Transparent Peer Review Journal Publication that adheres to the UGC CARE 2025 Peer-Reviewed Journal Policy and aligns with Scopus Journal Publication standards to ensure the highest level of research quality and credibility.

IJNRD offers comprehensive Journal Publication Services including indexing in all major databases and metadata repositories, Digital Object Identifier (Crossref DOI) assignment for each published article with additional fees, citation generation tools, and full Open Access visibility to enhance global research reach and citation impact.

The INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJNRD) aims to advance applied, theoretical, and experimental research across diverse academic and professional fields. The journal promotes global knowledge exchange among researchers, developers, academicians, engineers, and practitioners, serving as a trusted platform for innovative, peer-reviewed journal publication and scientific collaboration.

Indexing Coverage: Google Scholar, SSRN, ResearcherID-Publons, Semantic Scholar (AI-Powered Research Tool), Microsoft Academic, Academia.edu, arXiv.org, ResearchGate, CiteSeerX, ResearcherID (Thomson Reuters), Mendeley, DocStoc, ISSUU, Scribd, and many other recognized academic repositories.

How to submit the paper?

By Our website

Click Here to Submit Paper Online

By Mail

Send your paper to editor@ijnrd.org

You can now publish your research in IJNRD. IJNRD is a Transparent Peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal Publication (Refereed Journal), aligning with New UGC and UGC CARE recommendations.

For more details, refer to the official notice: UGC Public Notice

Submit Paper Online

Important Dates for Current issue

Paper Submission Open For: December 2025

Current Issue: Volume 10 | Issue 12 | December 2025

Impact Factor: 8.76

Last Date for Paper Submission: Till 31-Dec-2025

Notification of Review Result: Within 1-2 Days after Submitting paper.

Publication of Paper: Within 01-02 Days after Submititng documents.

Frequency: Monthly (12 issue Annually).

Journal Type: IJNRD is an International Peer-reviewed, Refereed, and Open Access Journal with Transparent Peer Review as per the new UGC CARE 2025 guidelines, offering low-cost multidisciplinary publication with Crossref DOI and global indexing.

Subject Category: Research Area

Call for Paper: More Details

Approval, Licenses and Indexing: More Details