Household Expenditure on Education in India: Differences Based on Nature and Characteristics of Household and Gender Discrimination

Registration ID: IJNRD_185439

Published ID: IJNRD2212295

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Anil Kumar

Educational expenditure; Gender bias; Caste; location; quintiles; RTE

Institutional expenditure on education falls short of the targets recommended by subsequent committees on education, which led to households bearing the partial burden of financing their children. Using 64th and 71st round of National Sample Survey Office data, we have understood how the household expenditure on education in India has responded before and after the RTE Act. Apart from analysing the household expenditure at different levels of education- elementary, secondary and higher education, the study also examines the dynamics of household expenditure on education and its trends and it focuses on the differences in household expenditure in terms of – rural-urban, gender, types of schools/institutions, social groups and by household expenditure quintiles. Disaggregating the results, we have found that the overall expenditure has experienced an increase for each level of education during the period 2007-08 to 2014. Families generally tend to spend more on the education of male child, as compared to that of female child. Interestingly, unlike commonly believed rural households spend a lot on education and observed a steep increase in household expenditure on education in rural areas during the same period. Scheduled castes and tribes spend less on education than other non-scheduled groups. Household expenditure, also depends on the type of schooling the wards go to, is least in government schools, and then in private aided schools, and most in private unaided schools. The concept of “free” education, at least for elementary education, is still non-existent in India even after 86th amendments to the constitution and RTE Act.

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Anil Kumar (December-2022). Household Expenditure on Education in India: Differences Based on Nature and Characteristics of Household and Gender Discrimination. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 7(12), c969-c983. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2212295.pdf

Volume 7 Issue 12, December-2022

Pages : c969-c983

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_185439

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2212295

Research Area: Social Science and Humanities 

Author Type: Indian Author

Country: South West Delhi, Delhi, India

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2212295.pdf

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