Tuberculosis and Its Treatment: A Review

Registration ID: IJNRD_180612

Published ID: IJNRD2203020

: Click Here to Get

Ragini Dilip Patil, Sanket Sudam Tarle, Harshal Rajendra Tote, Shivani Sudam Sonawane

Tuberculosis and Its Treatment: A Review

Tuberculosis (TB) is a granulomatous infectious illness caused by gram-positive, acid-fast bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium genus. Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis in humans, which primarily affects the lungs and causes pulmonary tuberculosis. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis can damage the colon, meninges, bones, joints, lymph nodes, skin, and other bodily parts. Human tuberculosis is spread mostly by droplet infection and nuclei. Human infection with M. avium and M. africanum is quite rare. M. microti is not known to cause tuberculosis in humans, but M. bovis has a wider range of hosts. M. bovis can infect humans through milk and milk products, as well as meat from an infected animal. Bovine tuberculosis is thought to be responsible for up to 10% of human tuberculosis in some underdeveloped nations. More over 2 million people die each year from tuberculosis, and the death toll is rising due to the advent of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In terms of incidence, the South East Asia Region accounts for 39% of the global TB burden. Approximately 3.4 million new cases of tuberculosis are projected to be diagnosed each year in this region, with the majority of infections occurring in India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Myanmar, and Thailand. Tuberculosis is both a social and a medical disease. It has also been referred to as a social welfare barometer. Poor quality of life, poor housing, overcrowding, population explosion, undernutrition, smoking, alcohol misuse, lack of education, large families, early marriages, and lack of information about the cause and transmission of tuberculosis are some of the social causes. These elements are interconnected and play a role in tuberculosis occurrence and transmission. Children are thought to account for about 10% of all tuberculosis cases.

Published Paper   E-Certificate

Ragini Dilip Patil, Sanket Sudam Tarle, Harshal Rajendra Tote, & Shivani Sudam Sonawane (March-2022). Tuberculosis and Its Treatment: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 7(3), 189-204. https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2203020.pdf

Volume 7 Issue 3, March-2022

Pages : 189-204

Paper Reg. ID: IJNRD_180612

Published Paper Id: IJNRD2203020

Downloads: 000122253

Research Area: Engineering

Author Type: Foreign Author

Country: -, -, -

Published Paper PDF: https://ijnrd.org/papers/IJNRD2203020.pdf

Published Paper URL: https://ijnrd.org/viewpaperforall?paper=IJNRD2203020

Journal Name: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT(IJNRD)

UGC CARE JOURNAL PUBLICATION | ISSN: 2456-4184 | IMPACT FACTOR: 8.76 Calculated By Google Scholar | ESTD YEAR: 2016

An International Scholarly Open Access Journal, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed Journal Impact Factor 8.76 Calculate by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool, Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Multilanguage Journal Indexing in All Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator

Publisher: IJNRD (IJ Publication) Janvi Wave | IJNRD.ORG | IJNRD.COM | IJPUB.ORG

© 2025 — Authors hold the copyright of this article. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. and The Open Definition.

You are free to share, adapt, and redistribute the material, provided proper credit is given to the original author. 🛡️ Disclaimer: The content, data, and findings in this article are based on the authors’ research and have been peer-reviewed for academic purposes only. Readers are advised to verify all information before practical or commercial use. The journal and its editorial board are not liable for any errors, losses, or consequences arising from its use.

Call For Paper - Volume 10 | Issue 12 | December 2025

IJNRD is a Scholarly Open Access, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, and UGC CARE Journal Publication with a High Impact Factor of 8.76 (calculated by Google Scholar & Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool). It is a Multidisciplinary, Monthly, Low-Cost, and Transparent Peer Review Journal Publication that adheres to the UGC CARE 2025 Peer-Reviewed Journal Policy and aligns with Scopus Journal Publication standards to ensure the highest level of research quality and credibility.

IJNRD offers comprehensive Journal Publication Services including indexing in all major databases and metadata repositories, Digital Object Identifier (Crossref DOI) assignment for each published article with additional fees, citation generation tools, and full Open Access visibility to enhance global research reach and citation impact.

The INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NOVEL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT (IJNRD) aims to advance applied, theoretical, and experimental research across diverse academic and professional fields. The journal promotes global knowledge exchange among researchers, developers, academicians, engineers, and practitioners, serving as a trusted platform for innovative, peer-reviewed journal publication and scientific collaboration.

Indexing Coverage: Google Scholar, SSRN, ResearcherID-Publons, Semantic Scholar (AI-Powered Research Tool), Microsoft Academic, Academia.edu, arXiv.org, ResearchGate, CiteSeerX, ResearcherID (Thomson Reuters), Mendeley, DocStoc, ISSUU, Scribd, and many other recognized academic repositories.

How to submit the paper?

By Our website

Click Here to Submit Paper Online

By Mail

Send your paper to editor@ijnrd.org

You can now publish your research in IJNRD. IJNRD is a Transparent Peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal Publication (Refereed Journal), aligning with New UGC and UGC CARE recommendations.

For more details, refer to the official notice: UGC Public Notice

Submit Paper Online

Important Dates for Current issue

Paper Submission Open For: December 2025

Current Issue: Volume 10 | Issue 12 | December 2025

Impact Factor: 8.76

Last Date for Paper Submission: Till 31-Dec-2025

Notification of Review Result: Within 1-2 Days after Submitting paper.

Publication of Paper: Within 01-02 Days after Submititng documents.

Frequency: Monthly (12 issue Annually).

Journal Type: IJNRD is an International Peer-reviewed, Refereed, and Open Access Journal with Transparent Peer Review as per the new UGC CARE 2025 guidelines, offering low-cost multidisciplinary publication with Crossref DOI and global indexing.

Subject Category: Research Area

Call for Paper: More Details

Approval, Licenses and Indexing: More Details